Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye noGawulayo zizifo ezingenakuphulukiswa, kodwa ukunyuka kwazo kunganciphisa ngokufumana ixesha elizeleyo lokufumana amachiza akhethekileyo. Ulwaphulo lwe-antiretroviral olubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezintathu okanye ezine kuxhomekeke kwisigaba sesifo kunye nomyinge ochazwe ngugqirha.
Usebenza njani unyango lwe-antiretroviral?
I-virus yokugonywa kwe-immunodeficiency ine-high mutagenicity. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima kakhulu kwimiphumo eyahlukeneyo kwaye uyakwazi ukutshintsha i-RNA yayo, ukudala utshintsho olutsha olunokwenzeka. Le propati iyanzima kakhulu unyango lwe-HIV kunye ne-AIDS, njengoko iiseli ze-pathogenic zilungelelanisa ngokukhawuleza kwiziyobisi ezithathwe.
Ulwaphulo lwe-antiretroviral ludibanisa imithi e-3-4 eyahlukeneyo, nganye leyo inemigaqo ekhethekileyo yokwenza. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezininzi kunikezela ukuxhatshazwa kweyona nto ingundoqo yintsholongwane, kodwa kwanoma yiyiphi enye inguquko yayo eyenziwe ngexesha lophuhliso lwesifo.
Uphi unyango oluchazwe ngama-antiretroviral?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwangaphambili unyango lwe-HIV luqala, kuya kuba ngcono ukuyeka ukunyuka kwegciwane, ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuphila kweso sigulane. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesifo zihlala zingabonwa, unyango lwe-antiretroviral lusekwe malunga neminyaka emi-5-6 emva kokusuleleka, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo eli xesha liye landa ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10.
Iidakamizwa zonyango olukhutheleyo lwe-antiretroviral
Amachiza ahlukeneyo kwiiklasi:
1. Inhibitors ye-reverse transcriptase (i-nucleoside):
- Videx;
- Tenofovir;
- Kivex;
- Retrovir;
- Abacavir;
- Zerit;
- Lamivudine;
- Trivizir;
- Emtriva.
2. I-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors:
- Viramune;
- Stockrin;
- Delavirdine.
3. Iprotease inhibitors:
- Indinavir;
- Kaletra;
- I-Aptivus;
- Uqikelelo;
- Ritonavir;
- Reyataz;
- Presista;
- Nelfinavir;
- Ageneraz;
- Telzir.
Ama-inhibitors of fusion ayingcali etsha kunayo yonke yezilwanyana kwi-antiretroviral. Okwangoku kuphela isicatshulwa esisodwa esaziwa yi-Fuzeon okanye i-Enfuvirtide.
Imiphumo emibi yeyeza-antiretroviral
Imiphumo engeyona ingozi:
- ukugqithisa isikhumba;
- izifo zokutya;
- lipodystrophy;
- hyperlipidemia;
- ukumelana ne-insulin;
- lipoatrophy;
- isifo se-central system.
Imiphumo emibi:
- amatye eentso ;
- uxinzelelo lomongo wethambo;
- necrosis yesibindi;
- i-lactic acidosis;
- I-Fanconi syndrome;
- pancreatitis;
- hypersensitivity;
- Isifo seStevens-Johnson.