Umthi wase-Orange - iingcebiso zokukhula kweerrusi

I-citrus epholileyo kunye nekhefu ayinakuthenga kuphela kwivenkile, kodwa iphinda ikhule ngokwabo. Umthi we-Orange unemizekelo emininzi kwaye ezinye zazo zifanelekile ukugcina indlu kwiipot. Kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokulima nokunyamekela, ukuze isityalo siqalile kwaye siphuhlise.

Ubonakala njani umthi we-orange?

Olu hlobo lwama-citrus luhlaza, kwaye lufumene ngokuwela i-mandarin ne-pomelo. Umthi uyisiqhamo esisiqhotho kunye nesithsaba esineqhosha. Inkcazo yomthi wase-orange iquka ulwazi olulandelayo:

1. Ubukhulu bunxibelelwano ngqo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ngokohlobo olude lufikelela kwimitha eyi-12 m, kwaye ludla - 4-6 m. Kukho izityalo zangaphakathi ezingasuka kwi-60 cm ukuya kwi-2.5 m.
2. Inkqubo yengcambu ayifanelekanga, kwaye ayinayo unwele apho ezinye izityalo zifumana ukunyuswa kunye nezondlo. Kunoko, kukho i-cheholchiki ekhethekileyo kwiingcebiso zengcambu, apho kukho iifungi ezikhoyo kwi-symbiosis kunye nesityalo. Bahambisa umswakama kunye nezondlo.
3. Umthi wesiliva unamagqabi omnyama omnyama anomfanekiso oval oval. Ngaphakathi kwazo ziigulane zizaliswe ngeoli ecocekileyo, efana neentyantyambo zezi zityalo.

Umthi wase-orange utyatyambo njani?

Esi sityalo sineentyatyambo ezininzi eziziintlobo zesini, ezibubanzi zifikelela kwi-5 cm. Umbala wee-petals ezintlanu uvame ukumhlophe, kodwa kunokubakho i-tinge ebomvu. Phakathi kwinqanaba elide elilodwa le-pestle, elijikelezwe ngama-stamens aphuzi. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwa kwibrashi malunga nama-6. Ukuqhakaza komthi wesiliva kwenzeka kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kunye neentyantyambo zeentyatyambo, ezibekwe ngo-Matshi-Ephreli, ziya kuvulwa kuphela kwiqondo lokushisa eli-16-18 ° С. I-bud bud bursts kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3.

Indlela yokukhulisa umthi wesiliva?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezingasetyenziselwa ukukhula kwangaphakathi, kwaye ezintathu ezithandwa kakhulu zilandelayo:

1. Pavlovsky. Ukuphakama, olu luhlu lufikelela kwi-1 m. Iintyatyambo zivuthwa ixesha elide, apho kubalulekile ukubonelela ngononophelo olulodwa.
2. Gamlin. Ukuba unomdla wendlela yokukhulisa umthi wesiliva ekhaya, ngoko unokukhetha le ntlobo, ekuphakameni kwayo kufinyelele kwi-1.5 m. Ukuvuna kungavuna ekwindla, kwaye iziqhamo ziyancwina kwaye zivumba.
3. Washington Navel. Iindidi ezaziwa kakhulu ezifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya. Ukuphakama komthi wesiliva kunokufikelela kwimitha engama-2. Kubalulekile ukuphawula inzuzo enomdla - ngexesha leentyantyambo ezivuthayo. Izithelo zingavunwa ukususela kwiminyaka emithathu. Izithelo zinkulu.

Indlela yokutyala umthi wesiliva?

Ukuze ukhule iitermrus kwifestile yakho, kufuneka ulungiselele amathambo, okufuneka ukuba kube yintsha, oko kungabikho.

1. Emva kokuhlanganisela izinto zokulima, qi niseka ukuba uwuhluthise, uze ushiye amahora angama-8 ukuya ku-12 kumanzi ukuze uhlume.
2. Ukufumana umthi wase-orange kwisithambo, ukutyala kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo evulekileyo okanye i-peat. Ukwandisa imbewu nge-1 cm. Gubungela isitya kunye nefilimu okanye uyifake ngeglasi ukuze udale umthombo wendalo.
3. Beka isitya kwindawo efudumeleyo. Namaxesha ngamanzi manzi umhlaba kwaye uvuselele ukutshala. Amajeremane kufuneka avele emva kwenyanga nesiqingatha.
4. Emva koko, kucetyiswa ukufaka isitya kwindawo ekukhanyeni (imizila eqondileyo yelanga iyingozi). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zihlala usuku olude. Ungasebenzisa izibane ezizodwa kulokhu.

Umhlaba wesihlahla somnxeba

Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwesi sityalo, umgangatho womhlaba ubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo, qwalasela ezi ngcebiso:

1. Ukuba unomdla apho umthi wase-orange ukhula khona, xa usencinane, ngoko kukukhetha ukhetho olunjalo: ii-2 izingxenye ze-turf kunye ne-1 yelizwe leqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi. Iingcali zicebise ukuthayipha umhlaba odibeneyo kwiidiya.
2. Umthi omdala, kungcono ukusebenzisa ulolu hlobo lomhlaba: iindawo ezintathu ze-turf, 1 inxalenye yomhlaba weqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi. Ungongeza enye yobumba obuninzi.
3. Kucetyiswa ukuba umhlaba okhethiweyo unomgangatho we-6.5-7.
4. Qinisekisa ukuba ususe emhlabeni olungiselelwe zonke ukungcola okungadingekile, umzekelo, iiflegi okanye iingcambu zezinye izityalo.
5. Ukulungelelanisa umxube womhlaba kufuneka ushiywe ubuncinane kwiintsuku eziyi-14.

Indlela yokutyala umthi wesiliva?

Xa isityalo siqala ukuphuhlisa kakuhle, kuya kukhangela ukutyala ukwenza isithsaba esihle. Emva kweminyaka engama-6-8, iintyatyambo zingabonakala, kwaye isiqhamo sinokuba sisincinci kwaye sibuhlungu, ngoko kubalulekile ukugoma. Kwimiyalelo - indlela yokukhulisa umthi wase-orange ekhaya, kukho inkqubo enyanzelisayo, oku kuthetha ukuba i-inoculation yezintso okanye amagatsha esityalo esivunowe. Kungcono ukufezekisa inkqubo xa isityalo selineminyaka engama-1-3 ubudala.

Ingakanani umthi wesiliva okhula ekhaya?

Ubude bokukhula kwezityalo kuxhomekeke ekutyalweni okufanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela. Ukuba ugxininisa kwiimeko zendalo, ngoko kwiindawo ezisezantsi zivela kwimbewu yokutshala kwaye kubekho ukubonakala kwesiqhamo kufuneka kube yiminyaka emine. Ukuba nomthi wesiliva ebhodweni waqala ukuzala izithelo, inoculation yenziwa emva koko emva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kubakho ukuvuna. Umjikelo wobomi wale nkcubeko uneminyaka engama-75.

Unokunyamekela njani umthi we-orange?

Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi malunga nokunyamekela okunjalo kweso sityalo:

1. Ukukhanyisa. Ibhokhwe kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo kunye nokukhanya okutshatyalaliswayo. Kwimozulu ebanda, kucetyiswa ukuba kusebenze ukukhanya okubonakalayo ukuya kwiiyure eziyi-12.
2. Ukushisa. Ehlobo, ukushisa kwamagumbi kuya kufumana, kwaye kubusika kubalulekile ukugcina izibonakaliso kwizinga le-10-18 ° C. Kubalulekile ukuqhuba rhoqo umoya, kodwa kungabandakanyi iiprojekti.
3. Uthotho. Ngaphambi komthi we-orange, ukunakekelwa ekhaya ngexesha lokushisa kubandakanya ukutshiza imihla ngemihla usebenzisa amanzi alula, azinzileyo. Ebusika, umoya umile, ngoko ke zonke iindlela zandisa ubumanzi.

Ungayinisela njani umthi wase-orange ekhaya?

Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi zokumisela umhlaba, okufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo:

1. Bawagweba nokuba amanzi kumgangatho womhlaba. Kubalulekile ukuba ungavumeli i-coma yomhlaba ukuba yomile ngokupheleleyo. Ukumisela umswakama, fakela i-compact yomhlaba, kwaye xa idibanisa, yule amanzi.
2. Ukuze uncede umthi omncinci we-orange, akukhuthazwa ukuba usebenzise amanzi ompompo, kuba iqulethe ezininzi zetsimbi kunye ne-chlorine. Kumele kubiliswe okanye ungathabatha amanzi atshisayo kwipompo.
3. Umbane kufuneka uvunyelwe ukuma ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 kwindawo evulekileyo, eya kususa i-chlorine. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, amanzi kufuneka athathwe emthonjeni, echibini okanye kumlambo.
4. Ebusika, umthi we-orange uphumla, ngoko ke ukuhamba phakathi kwamanzi okunyusa kufuneka kwandiswe.

Indlela yokutya umthi wesiliva?

Ukukhula okulungileyo, ukuvuna kunye nokuvelisa, kubalulekile ukwenza isichumiso entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe njalo emva kweveki ezimbini. Kubalulekile ukuba usondle ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokunisela. Iifomthi zomthi wesiliva zityhalalwa kude ziqale ukuphuma emithonjeni yamanzi ebhodweni. Ungasebenzisa izithako ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe i-citrus okanye zithathe ukhetho lwezityalo zangaphakathi.

Abaninzi baya kumangaliswa yinto yokuba izityalo zabantu abadala, ubude babo abukho ngaphantsi kweemitha, banokudliwa ngumhluzi weentlanzi kanye ngenyanga. Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela iyakwazi ukuqinisa i-fruiting. Thatha i-200 yeentlanzi okanye intlanzi encinci (ingasetyenzisiweyo), uthele ii-2 ilitha zamanzi uze ubilise imizuzu engama-30. Emva koko, isisombululo kufuneka sifakwe kwaye sihlanjululwe ngamanzi abandayo.

Ukuprintwa umthi wesiliva

Xa ukuphakama kwesi sityalo kuya kufinyelela kuma-20 cm, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambe amaqabunga 2-3 ukusuka phezulu. Siyabulela oku, amasebe asemgangathweni aya kuphuhlisa, enze isithsaba esihle. Ziyakuthi ziqwalaselwe amagatsha oku-oda okuqala kwaye ukuba zinqunyulwa (kufuneka zibe ngamasebe angama-4-5 we-20-25 cm), ngoko ziya kuba ngamasebe omyalelo wesibini (ubude bawo abukho ngaphezu kwe-25 cm), njalo njalo. Ukusebenzisa le sikimu, unokwenza umthi wesiliva kwindlu ukuthanda kwakho. Kubalulekile ukuba isiqithi kwiminyaka embalwa sakha amaninzi amanqanaba wesihlanu, kuba ziya kuveliswa iziqhamo.

Indlela yokutshintsha umthi we-orange?

Kungcono ukuqhuba inkqubo enjalo entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla, xa inkqubo yeengcambu ayiyi kubakho ukutshatyalaliswa kwamashishini. Ungatshintsha isityalo kwisitya okanye ngqo ngqo emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukwenza konke ngokucophelela ukuze ungalonakalisi inkqubo yeengcambu.

1. Ukumba umthombo wesayizi elungileyo. Ukongeza imali ekuphuculeni umgangatho womhlaba kwaye umgquba awunconywanga, ngaphandle kweemeko apho umhlaba unesihlabathi okanye unxweme. Thatha umthi wesiliva kunye kunye nesikhumba, uphendule ibhodlo uze uphambise umhlaba. Beka emgodini, gcwalisa umhlaba uze uyiphande. Qaphela ukuba inxalenye ephezulu yeengcambu ze-coma kufuneka ibe yi-2.5-3 cm ngaphantsi komhlaba.
2. Xa ukhetha ibhokhwe, kufuneka uqwalasele ukuba ubukhulu bayo bube kabini bukhulu njengengcambu yeengcambu. Inkqubo ifana neyokudlulileyo, oko kukuthi, umthi wesiliva kufuneka udluliselwe kwisitsha esitsha. Akunakwenzeka ukufeza inkqubo engaphezu kweyodwa kwimizuzu 2-3.

Izifo zomthi wesiliva

Le nkcubeko inokubakhokelela kwimpembelelo yezifo ezifayo, kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuphawula ukuba oku kuchaphazelekayo kwizityalo ezibuthathaka ezingenakunyamekela. Kukho iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokugcina umthi we-orange:

1. Ukubola kwempembe kwenzeka ngenxa yokunisela ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nefuthe elincinci kwi-pot. Esi sifo sikhula ngokungaqondakali kude kube amaqabunga aqala ukuwa ngokukhawuleza. Kule meko, isityalo kufuneka sitshintshwe kuphela, sisuse izimpande ezibolile.
2. I-fungus emnyama ibonakala kumaqabunga namasebe ngendlela yokubhinqa emnyama. Iyakususwa kwaye kufuneka ifakwe umoya. Kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ubunzulu bokunisela.
3. Isiqongo emthini wesiliva siboniswa kumagqabi ngendlela yemibhobho yombala omnyama. Ngenxa yoko, bawa, kunye nemifuzano. Ukuze ususe ingxaki, kufuneka usebenzise i- sulfate yethusi okanye ezinye iifungicides. Ukutshiza kuqhutyelwa entwasahlobo okanye emva kweentyantyambo. Kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga ogulayo kunye namasebe kwaye uyitshise.
4. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqisa ukubunjwa kumahlumela okukhula, kunye namagqabi - ama-gray warts. Ukulwa, ungasebenzisa umbane weBordeaux ukutshiza emva kobusika, ukugquma kunye naphakathi kwehlobo.
5. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthi unokuchaphazeleka phantse zonke iintlekele kwaye kaninzi iikhoksi zivela. Ukulwa nalo mfuneko ukuphalaza ngeinambuzane .