Ukulimala kwe-meniscus ngumonakalo odibeneyo wokuguqa ngamadolo. Le ngxaki ibhekene nayo nabadlali bezemidlalo kunye nabasebenzi abasebenza nzima. Kwiimpawu zokuqala zokuphula umthetho ekusebenzeni kwamadolo, kufuneka udibane nodokotela. Oku kuya kunceda ngexesha lokuqala unyango kwaye uphephe imiphumo.
Imisebenzi yamadolo ehlangene yamadoda
Enyanisweni, iyisisu esinamandla. Isiseko se-meniscus si-70% esakhiwa nge-collagen fibers. Ukongeza, malunga ne-0.6% ye-elastin kunye nama-protein ayi-13% akhethekileyo apha. Ukuqhawula kwinqwelwe ngokwayo kuqulethwe ngala macandelo:
- uphondo lwangaphambili;
- umzimba;
- uphondo olusemva.
Ngenxa yokuba i-cartilage ixhunyiwe kwi-capsule edibeneyo kunye nemigudu ye-tibial neyentombi, oku kunika ukuhamba kunye namandla amakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ezinjalo ze-meniscus:
- i-cartilage engaphakathi;
- Ngaphandle (ikwabizwa nangokuthi "i-meniscus" yangaphambili).
Ezi zicubu ezinomzimba zibaluleke gqitha kwi-system musculoskelet system. Imisebenzi yalo ilandelayo:
- yi-stabilizer kunye ne-limiter yokuhamba kwamalungu amadolo;
- kunciphisa ukuxabana phakathi kweentombi kunye ne-tibia;
- idlala indima yokumangalisa.
Iintlobo zomonakalo kwi-meniscus yamadolo
Konke ukulimala kunokuhlelwa ngokwemiqathango emibini: ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lokuphuka. Ukuchonga isigaba somonakalo kuya kunceda iMRI. Ukongezelela, ukulimala kwamadolo, i-meniscus izinyembezi zinokulu hlobo:
- engqalileyo;
- oblique;
- ecacileyo;
- i radial.
Inkathazo ye-meniscus yangaphambili
Iyona nto ibangela ukuba kuqhekeke ukuxhatshazwa okuhlangeneyo, kuhambisane nokuguquka kwe-shin. Ukulimala ngokuthe ngqo kweso sakhiwo sokuqhaqhaqhaqheko akusoloko kufunyaniswa. Ukongezelela, i-meniscus elandelelanayo yamadolo adibeneyo anokubola ngenxa yempembelelo yesifo se-rheumatic. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo owenziwe ngokusemgangathweni we-cartilaginous kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngama-7-10 kaninzi kune-yangaphakathi.
Ukulimala kwendoda ehlangene yamadolo
Izinto ezibangela umonakalo kule ndawo yenziwe ngamanani amaninzi:
- utshintsho olubukhali kwisimo somzimba;
- Ukugqithisa kakhulu, okunomthwalo onzima kwi-system musculoskelet system;
- ukuguquka okungapheliyo njalo njalo.
I-meniscus ephakathi ihlala ixhatshazwa kubayeni kunabesifazane. Kwindawo yengozi ephezulu ngabadlali:
- abadlali bebhola;
- abadlali beetennis;
- badlali be basketball.
Ukulimala kwamadolo e-meniscus
Ukuqhekeka kwezinto ezinqamlekileyo kuqhutywe kwiinqanaba ezinzima kunye ezingapheliyo. Ukulimala kwimizi ye-meniscus yeempawu iimpawu ezihlangeneyo kunoku:
- nqakrazo ebangelwa ukuphulwa kweethambo zomzimba;
- ukuba iqhekeza le-meniscus linamathele phakathi kweendawo ezimbini zokudibanisa, oku kungakhokelela ekunqandeni kwamadolo;
- intlungu, ubukhulu bayo buhluka ngoxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokulimala;
- i-edema yamadolo, ebonisa ukuba i-meniscus ne-ligament zaphulwa ngokufanayo;
- xa umda wangaphandle we-lesion cartilaginous ichaphazelekayo, i- hemarthrosis iyaqhubeka.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ukulimala kwe-meniscus, iimvavanyo ezinjalo zokusebenza ziya kunceda:
- I-Symptom Baikov - idolo lifanele liboshwe kwii-angles ezilungileyo. Emva kokubethelwa kwendawo edibeneyo. Ngelo xesha, idolo alixhomekanga. Ukuba kukho intlungu eninzi - ibonisa ukuphuka kumadoda.
- Iimpawu ze-Landau - isiguli kufuneka sihlale kunye nemilenze yakhe. Ukuba kukho intlungu enzima emadolweni - oku kuwuphawu lokuba i-meniscus yalimala.
- ISimpawu McMurray - isiguli sifuna ukulala emhlane nasemadolweni. Emva koko, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwenziwa. Ukuqhayisa kunye nentlungu enjalo kuthethwa ngokuphulwa.
- I-Symptom Polyakova - kufuneka ulale emhlane wakho kwaye uphakamise umlenze wakho ophilileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo kuyimfuneko, ukuxhomekeka kumagxa ehlombe kunye nesithende somlenze wesibili, ukuphakamisa kancane i-trunk. Emva kokusebenza okunjalo kwindawo yokuqhawulwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo, kuya kuba neentlungu ezinzima.
Iziganga zomonakalo kwi-meniscus
Kukho amanani amaninzi okuphulwa. Kukho amaqela amathathu ezilonda, xa kukho ukulimala kwe-meniscus - iimpawu zi:
- kwisigaba sokuqala-ukubonakala kwephulo elincinci;
- Isiganga sesibini - ukujoliswa komonakalo kwanda;
- kwisigaba sesithathu - kukho intlungu.
Ukulimala kumadolo e-meniscus
Ngoncedo lweemvavanyo zokusebenza, unogqirha wesifo esineziphumo unokumisela kuphela ukuxilongwa. Ukuchonga uhlobo lwesilonda kunye nobunzima balo, ugqirha uya kuncomela kwisigulana uviwo olongezelelweyo. I-X-ray elula ayilwazi kakhulu kulo mzekelo, kuba ayibonisi ukwakheka komzimba. Ukulimala kwiphondo le-meniscus okanye ezinye iingxaki kunokuncediswa yizo ndlela zokuxilonga:
- Ultrasound;
- MRI ;
- CT.
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ezifunyenweyo, ingcali yexinzelelo luya kukhetha irejimen yonyango efanelekileyo. Ulwaphulo olungapheliyo luhlala lubekwa ukuba:
- ibhokisi elihlangeneyo alivaliwe;
- umonakalo kumadoda aphakathi kwamalungu angamaxabiso;
- akukho zitshixo xa uqhuba;
- ukugqithisa okwenyukayo kwenzeka kwisigulane esikhulileyo.
Ingundoqo yesichengululo sokunyanga ukuphelisa ukukhutshwa kwamadolo. Unyango olunjalo lumelelwe ngamanyathelo alandelayo:
- Ukugqithisa iziqulatho zebhanki edibeneyo.
- Qalisa i-10 ml ye-1% isisombululo se-Procan okanye i-20 ml yesisombululo se-1% se-Novocain.
- Isigulane sifanele sihlale esihlalweni esiphakamileyo ukwenzela ukuba i-angle phakathi kwe-shank kunye nekhanga iqonde.
- Imizuzu engama-15 emva kokulawulwa kweziyobisi, ugqirha uqhubeka ngokukhawuleza ukusetyenziswa.
Ukuba i-meniscus yangaphakathi iwonakalisiwe, ukukhutshwa kwesiqalo kupheliswa ngamanyathelo amane:
- I-traumatologist iqhuba ukulandelwa kweenyawo. Le nkqubo ingenziwa ngezandla okanye ngoncedo lweethambo ezininzi ezigubungela umlenze.
- Ugqirha ugxotha i-shin kwindlela eyahlukileyo ukusuka kumadoda asemthethweni. Ngethuba lolo hlobo, indawo edibeneyo iyanda. Ngenxa yoko, i-meniscus ingaba yindawo yayo yokuqala.
- Ugqirha wenza ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kwe-shin, ukuguqula ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi.
- Ukuhamba ngebala kunye nokwandiswa kwamadolo okudibeneyo kwenziwa.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuba loo ndlela yokukhusela ikhutshwe. Kule meko, ugqirha usebenzisa i-gypsum longure, ephuma kwiminwe ibe yintathu yesithathu yethanga. Gcina isigulane le bhanki kwiiveki ezi-5-6. Ukuba, emva kokuqhutyelwa kokuqala, awukwazi ukuwususa ukukhusela, kufuneka uphinde uphinde. Inani eliphezulu le enkqubo liphindwe kathathu. Zonke zifanele ziqhutywe ngugqirha wezobuhlungu.
Emva koko, ugqirha unikezela isigulane unyango olulondolozayo. Uyazi into enokuyenza ngokulimala kwe-meniscus, ngoko uya kucebisa inkqubo efanelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo unyango lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- benzisa unyango;
- unyango oluphezulu lwe-frequency;
- ukusilisa;
- ukuthatha amayeza.
I-hondoprotectors zibonakalise ziphumelele. Ezi zi yobisi zibuyisela izicubu zomzimba. Amayeza anjalo anokumisela:
- Chondroitin;
- Glucosamine;
- ERumalon.
I-Bandage emadolweni ngokulimala kwe-meniscus
Le golide yezokwelapha yenziwe yelinen ekontiweyo. Unobumba obucebileyo, ngoko unxiba ibhinki phantsi kweengubo zakho. Ekubeni ixolo elihlangeneyo lingenazo i-seams, alinxibe. Amagatya ayahlukana ngokuxinzelelo emlenzeni:
- Amacandelo omnxeba weklasi yokuncincika kokuqala asetyenziswa xa kutyalwa ingozi yamadolo e-meniscus. Ingcinezelo esetyenziswe kubo i-22 mm Hg. Ukubhinqa okunjalo kuvimbela ukugqithwa kwe-meniscus.
- I-knee pads 2 iklasi yokunyanzeliswa - okhethwe kwixesha lokuhamba emva. Zivuselela ukusebenza kweenkqubo ze-lymphatic and circulatory, ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubuyisela.
Ukulimala kwe-Meniscal - ukusebenza
Ingenelelo yokuphanda iyaphakanyiswa kwiimeko ezinje:
- kwakukho umonakalo odibeneyo kwaye ukuphulwa okunjalo kuhamba kunye nokuphuma kwegazi;
- ukugqithwa kwamadoda okugqithisileyo kwafunyaniswa;
- Umzimba we-cartilaginous uhlambulukile;
- kwakukho ukwahlula kophondo;
- unyango olulondolozayo aluzange lube nesiphumo esifanelekileyo.
Iphelisa umonakalo kumadoda aphakathi kwamadolo ngoncedo lobuchwepheshe obunjalo:
- i-arthroscopy - ichitshiweyo izinto;
- ukukhishwa kwezinto eziphathekayo okanye okuphelelweyo kwendlela yokwakha i-meniskectomy;
- ukutshintshwa - ukutshintshwa kwezicubu ezonakalisiweyo.
Ukulimala kwamadoda - ukubuyisela
Ukubuyiselwa kwimeko kwixesha elilandelelweyo limelelwa ngonyango kunye ne-physiotherapy. Ubungakanani balo buxhomekeke kwintoni ukulimala kwe-meniscus kwaye yiyiphi iteknoloji yokugqirha eyayisetyenziselwa ukuqeda. Injongo yalo kubuyiselwa:
- Susa izivumelwano ezenzeke emva kokuba i-knee meniscus ibonakaliswe.
- Ukubuyisela ukudibana kunye nokulungelelanisa umvuzo.
- Qinisekisa izihlunu ezizinzisa idolo.
I-LFK enobungozi be-meniscus
Kukho konke ukuxilongwa kokuvuselela. Kumele zenziwe phantsi kolawulo lwenzululwazi. Uyayazi into ephazamisekile okanye ukuphuka kwi-meniscus. Ukongeza, uyazi umthwalo ovumelekileyo kule nto okanye kwinqanaba lokubuyisela. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa unyango kwi-traum of kneis joint meniscus ngexesha lexesha eliphambili limelelwa yimisebenzi yokuphuhlisa jikelele, ejoliswe kuwo onke amaqela omzimba. Ekupheleni kwexesha, utyando lusetyenziswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- uhamba ngaphesheya kwinqanaba lokuhamba (ukuhamba ngendlela epholileyo);
- i sikwere;
- ukuzivocavoca kwibhola lokudlala;
- ukuxhuma emlenzeni omnye;
- yengqesho kwibhayisikili yokumisa;
- "Inkcazelo yeenyawo" kunye njalo njalo.
Ukudibanisa kwamadolo emva kokulimala kwe-meniscus
Le nqubo isetyenziswe kwipilisi yesibini ekhuselekileyo kunye nexesha lokuhamba emva. Ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwamadolo e-meniscus kufunyaniswa, unyango kunye nokusilalisa lunceda ukufezekisa le miphumo:
- ukunciphisa ukuthunga kwezicubu;
- ukubuyiswa kwetoni yomsila;
- ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bentlungu;
- Ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi kwimizimba.
Kwisigaba sokuqala ukuxiliswa kuboniswa ngokugubha kunye nokuxolela. Le nkqubo ayihlali ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-3. Kamva, ukunyanzeliswa okunamandla kunxulumene, umzekelo, isetyhula kunye ne-rectilinear. Uqeqesho olunjalo luqhutyelwa imizuzu engama-4-5. Gcwalisa i-massage kunye nokunyuka komlenze osebenzayo kunye nokunyanzelisa. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrostimulation ye-hip ingasetyenziswa.
Ukulimala kwamadolo e-meniscus
Ukuba ufumanisa ingxaki ngexesha kwaye uqale ukulungisa ngexesha, unokuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu. Ixinzelelo elidlulileyo lamadolo e-meniscus elihlangeneyo luyingozi yokukhohlakala. Ingakhokelela kwimiphumo enjalo:
- Ukuququzelela ukuphuhliswa kwe- arthrosis .
- Ukwenza ukungazinzi komatshini wexolo. Ngaliphi na ixesha ngexesha le ntshukumo, i-blockade ingenzeka.
- Ukukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwemigqomo kunye nokwahlukana kwamathambo.
Ukuba umonakalo we-meniscus uthathwa phantsi kolawulo logqirha ngexesha, isigulane siza kuhamba ngexesha elifutshane. Ewe, kwaye ukungenelelo ngoncedo kubakho ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, kuzo zonke izigulane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane, ithuba lokuphuhlisa imiphumo emibi landa. Oku kubangelwa ukuba kweli nqanaba i-device ye-ligament iyancipha. I-traumatologist eneengxaki iza kunceda ukujamelana nale ngxaki.