Amazinyo alahlekelwe ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo angangonakalisi nje ukumncumo, kodwa kubangela nezinye iingxaki: ukwandisa umthwalo kumazinyo asele, ukutshintsha ukuluma, ukugqithisa idesi, ukuphazamiseka kokutya, nokunye okunjalo. Indlela yokubuyiselwa kwamazinyo kwindlela yanamhlanje ukufakelwa kwamazinyo, iimpawu zazo eziza kuqwalaselwa ngezantsi.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo - izibonakaliso kunye nokuchasene
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kukungenelela kokuvuthwa okuvumela ukutshintsha amazinyo alahlekileyo ngokufaka isinyithi esinyanisiweyo kwimizimba enama-maxillary eyenza indima yengcambu yezinyo kunye nesithsaba esinqunyiwe kuso. Uyilo olufakwe ngokuchanekileyo lufanisa lezinyo kwaye lwenza yonke imisebenzi efanelekileyo. Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kulandelayo:
- i-adentia epheleleyo okanye ekhethiweyo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo okanye ukungabikho komntwana ongaphantsi;
- izifo ezikhokelela ekukhutsheni kwamazinyo, ukunyanzelisa kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- ukungabikho kwimeko yokufaka kunye nokugqoka iindlovu zendalo;
- ezahlukeneyo zokungasebenzi .
Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuba ezinye izigulane lolu hlobo lokutshintshwa kwamazinyo abonakalisiweyo, oluyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, aluvumelekanga ngenxa yemida kunye nokuchasene. Ukongezelela, ngamanye amaxesha kukho isidingo sokunyanzeliswa kokusebenza kwangaphambili ukubuyisela isifuba somhlathi, ukuba ixesha elide lidlulile ukusuka ekulahlekelweni kwezinyo, kwaye ithambo liye lafumana ithuba lokumelana ne-atrophy. Makhe siqwalasele, ziphi na iziganeko zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ukuba ziphumelele;
- isifo esibuhlungu besifo sokuphefumula nesimo senhliziyo;
- izifo zamasosha omzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
- ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
- izifo ze-rheumatic zezicubu ezinxibelelwano;
- isifo sofuba kwisigaba esibucayi sekhosi;
- i-pathology ye-joint temporomandibular;
- izifo ezikhoyo;
- isifo sikashukela;
- osteoporosis ;
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo eziphambili zomlomo womlomo;
- ukukhulelwa, ixesha lokuncelisa.
Iintlobo zokufakelwa kwamazinyo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokufakelwa kweentlobo zezinyo, ezizibonakaliswe ziziganeko zayo, kunye ne-minus. Le ndlela yeklasikhi, isiseko , isisombululo esisodwa, ukufakelwa kwamagqabha kuwo onke ama-4. Ziziphi iizinyo zokufakela ezona zihle kakhulu kwisigulane kwimeko nganye, ugqirha uya kuba nako ukuzimisela, ukuhlola kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuxilonga.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo emveli
Inkqubo yobudala isetyenzisiwe ukususela kwiminyaka engama-80, ichaneke ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iyona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule meko, umntu akanakulindela umphumo wokukhawuleza, kuba inkqubo iya kwenziwa ngamanyathelo amabini: ukufakwa kokufakela kwisithambo samathambo kunye neeprothetics. Ixesha lexesha phakathi kwala ma nyathelo linokusukela kwinyanga enye ukuya ezintandathu, kuxhomekeke kwisantya se-engraftment.
Ukongeza, phambi kokuba iifestile zamazinyo zifakwe kwiimplants, kwakhiwa ukwakheka okhethekileyo ukwenzela ukubunjwa kwegum kunye nesigxina sifakwe - into edibeneyo phakathi kokuveliswa kunye nesithsaba . Enye into ebalulekileyo yendlela kukuba inokusetyenziswa kuphela emva kweenyanga ezi-1.5-3 emva kokulahlekelwa izinyo, emva kokuphilisa okupheleleyo kwesikhokelo.
Iintlobo zobuchwepheshe beklasikhi:
- umzimba ulula ukulungelelanisa ukufakwa kwesakhiwo ngokucwangciswa kwenkqubo;
- ukuthenjwa okuthenjisiweyo kwiisisithambo zethambo;
- ithuba lokubuyisela onke amazinyo kuloluhlu, ukulungisela ukuvelisa ibhuloho yeenkani ezininzi.
Umgcini:
- ixesha elide lokonyango;
- umngcipheko wokungahambi kakuhle kwegum;
- ixesha eliyinkimbinkimbi emva kokusebenza.
Ukufakelwa kwamanzi amazinyo
Ngokungafani neklasi yobugcisa, apho izimpembelelo zilinxeba kwisangqa esinqabileyo sesithambo, ukufakelwa kwethambo le-basal lamazinyo lwenziwa ngokubeka isakhiwo kwindawo enzulu nangamandla. Ngenxa yoko kunokwenzeka ukubeka i-daenture nangokuba kungekho mazinyo okanye ukulahleka kwexesha elide - ithambo leethambo le-bone alveolar ayibalulekile, kwaye izicubu ze-basal azikho phantsi kwe-atrophy. Uyilo ludibene kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zendlela:
- Izimpembelelo ze-basal zingafakwa kwi-angle;
- emigangatho emininzi yokonyango;
- iimeko ezincinci zezicubu.
Imiba engalunganga:
- kaninzi ngo kunceda ngale ndlela, ubuncinane amazinyo amathathu abuyiselwa kanye kanye;
- iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zemfundo yegqirha eyenzayo.
Ukufakwa kwangoko kwamazinyo
Enye indlela ebalulekileyo kwi-classical step-by-step method ingaba isiteji esisodwa (isisite-esisodwa) ukufakela ukufakela, kwenziwe emva kwangoko emva kokukhutshwa kwezinyo ezichaphazelekayo. Ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba ukufakelwa ngaphandle kokusasazeka okongezelelweyo kwezicubu ezinotsholongwane. Ukutyelela kwelinye iklinikhi, ukufakelwa kwamazinyo, isithsaba kunye nesithsaba sexeshana sifakwe. Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa kuphela kwimeko yezilwanyana ezinempilo kunye neziqinileyo ze-alveoli.
Iingenelelo zendlela:
- ukuxhatshazwa okuphantsi;
- thuzelo lwengqondo;
- ukuphucula ixesha elifutshane.
Umgcini:
- ukulungisa isakhiwo akuqinisekanga;
- Ngasemva kwezinyo ezikhutshiwe kufuneka kufumaneke amazinyo aphilileyo.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo onke ngo-4
Iprosthetics yamazinyo onke ngo-4 ("zonke ezine"), eziphuhliswe yiNobel, zenziwa kwimeko yokungabikho kwamazinyo emlonyeni womlomo kunye ne-atrophy yamathambo esithambo. Ubungakanani buquka ukufaka izimpembelelo ezine: ezimbini zibe kwicandelo elingaphandle lomhlathi, ezijoliswe ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ezimbini zibe kwindawo yeezinyo zokuhlafuna ezijoliswe kwikota. Iiprostes eziqulethe iisithsaba ezili-12 zinokufakwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokufakela izakhiwo kwiithambo zethambo. Kwi-adentium epheleleyo ibeka ii-prostheses, ezingabandakanyi nje izithsaba kuphela, kodwa kunye neentlobo zomzimba.
Izinzuzo zendlela:
- ezingenasiphelo;
- Isiphumo esheshayo;
- Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kweprothematic fixation.
Iingxaki:
- Ukusetyenziswa kuphela ngeqondo elincinane nelincinci le-atrophy;
- umngcipheko wokugatya izimpembelelo (njengoko kunjalo nakwezinye iindlela).
Iintlobo zezilwanyana zentsholongwane
Zininzi iintlobo zezimpembelelo, kodwa zonke zivame ukuzenziwe nge-titanium alloy, ngokungafanekiyo-ye-zirconium oxide (loo mizekelo iyabiza). Ukongezelela, zonke iziplani zinomxholo ofanayo. Khawuqwalasele oko okufakelwa kwamazinyo kuqulethwe (iindawo ezisisiseko):
- umzimba ofakwe kwisithambo samathambo (unokubonakala ngathi iplate, isilinda, itayili, umatshini);
- isithintelo (intloko) - inxalenye yokumisa iprothesis, ingaba yintsimbi yokukhangela okanye yokukhiya;
- intamo - into ephakathi komzimba kunye nentloko;
- Ikhofu ye-gingival isisitye esikhankanywe okwethutyana ukunika i-gum ubuhle bume.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimilo, amandla kunye nobuchwephesha bokufakela, ezi ntlobo zokufakelwa kwamazinyo ziyahluka:
- enemizi;
- iplate;
- zidibene;
- ngaphantsi;
- endodontic zizinzile;
- ezingabalulekanga;
- izimpembelelo ezincinane.
Ukulinganiswa kwezimpembelelo zamazinyo
Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ingqalelo ukuba ukusekwa kwempilo yamazinyo kumiselwe ukuhluka, ngokukodwa kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ukuchaneka kobugcisa bokufakela, imeko yeethambo ezithambileyo kunye nezigulane zezigulane, kunye nokunyamekela okuqhubekayo kweprothementi kubalulekile ekuqineni kwesakhiwo esakhiweyo. Abavelisi babeka ixesha eliqinisekileyo lokuqinisekisa izimpembelelo, ezinokuba zi-10, 15, 20 okanye ngaphezulu. Iimpembelelo eziphezulu kakhulu eziphezulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu zamazinyo zesizukulwana esitsha ezivela kwiinkampani zilandelayo ziqinisekisa ubomi bomi bomi:
- INobel Biocare (eSwitzerland);
- I-Straumann (eSwitzerland);
- XIVE (eJamani);
- I-Astra Tech (eSweden);
- I-Anthogy (iFransi).
Ixabiso elincinci, kodwa libonakaliswa yimveliso enobulunga obuhle balabo benzi:
- Schutz (eJamani);
- Niko (iRashiya);
- Zimmer (USA).
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kwenziwa njani?
Makhe sicinge ngendlela ukufakwa kwamazinyo kwenzeka ngayo kwiimeko ezininzi, ezivela kuzo izigaba eziphambili:
- Ukumisela kweenkcukacha kunye nokuchongwa kweengqinisiso kwinkqubo.
- Ukulungiselela ukufakelwa, okuqulethwe kunyango lwezigulana ezinamazinyo, iinsini, ukutshintshwa kwamakhanda endala.
- Ukwenza i-panoramic snapshot yomhlathi kunye ne-tomography ekhompyutheni ngokutyhila i-pathologies efihliweyo kwaye ukhetha indawo ekhoyo yokufakelwa.
- Ugqirha ukufakela ukufakelwa, okokuba ukuba kuyimfuneko kuqala ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezicubu zethambo.
- Ukufakwa kwe-shaper kunye ne-shaper shaut.
- Ukufakwa kweprothesis.
Ukwandiswa kwamathambo esithambo ngexesha lokufakelwa kwamazinyo
Ukufakela isakhiwo kunye nokuqhotyoshela kwayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nokuphakama okwaneleyo kunye nobubanzi beethambo zesithambo, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha isandiso sesifuba sokuqala siyadingeka ukuze kutyunjwe. Oku kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo okanye jikelele kwiindlela ezilandelayo:
- amathambo eplastiki (ukutshintshwa kwethambo lesigulane lesigulane, ithambo lomnikelo okanye ukutshintshwa kwezinto zokwenza izinto);
- ukuhlaziywa kwethambo (ukutshatyalaliswa kwebhubhanzana kwizinto eziphathekayo ezikhuthaza ukunyusa ithambo lendalo);
- ukuphakanyiswa kwemithi ( ukuphakanyiswa kwemishini ye-sinilla maxillary, ngenxa yokuba inani lamathambo eethambo landa).
Ukufakwa kwezifakelo zamazinyo
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo kwenziwa phantsi kwe-aneshesia yendawo okanye jikelele. Ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwefowuni ukufaka umzimba wesakhiwo malunga nemitha engama-20-30. Ngendlela yokuganda kunye neerhafu ezizodwa kwithambo, kubhekwe umbhede, apho kufakwa khona ukufakwa. Iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokufaka zonke ezinye izakhiwo kunye nesithsaba sezinyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokhetho olukhethiweyo. Eyona nto inzima kwaye ibambelele ekujongekeni kweempawu ze-anatomical yindlela yokufakelwa kwamazinyo aphezulu.
Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo - iingxaki
Ukunyanzeliswa kokufakela ukufakelwa kuhambelana nomngcipheko wemiphumo emibi. Ngoko, ngethuba lo msebenzi kukho ukuphuhliswa kwegazi kunye nokugqithiswa kwethambo. Emva kokufakwa, iingxaki zinokuqala kwaye ziphelile. Siyabona imiphumo engenakupheka apho kuhlanganiswa khona amazinyo: i-edema, isifo sesifo, ukuphakama kokushisa komzimba. Ezi zenzo eziqhelekileyo zomzimba ngokuphendula kwongenelelo olunyango. Ukuphambuka kwizinto eziqhelekileyo kukuba:
- ukulahlwa kwe-implant;
- i-peri-implantitis;
- iinkqubo zethambo.