Inkolelo yaseYiputa yaseYiputa inomdla kwaye idibaniswe kwizinga eliphezulu kunye noothixo abaninzi. Abantu kuwo wonke umcimbi obalulekileyo okanye into eyenziwa yendalo yenyuka kunye nomphathi wabo, kodwa bahluke kwiimpawu zangaphandle kunye nobuchule obukhulu .
Oothixo abakhulu baseYiputa baseYiputa
Inkolo yelizwe iyaziwa ngokuba kukho iinkolelo ezininzi, ezithintela ngokuthe ngqo ukubonakala koothixo, okubhekisele kwiimeko ezininzi kwi-hybrid of man and animal. Oothixo baseYiputa kunye nokubaluleka kwabo babaluleke kakhulu kubantu, okuqinisekiswa yiitempile ezininzi, imifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso. Phakathi kwabo, sinokuzibona izithixo eziphambili, ezazijongene nezinto ezibalulekileyo zobomi bamaYiputa.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa u-Amon Ra
Kwixesha la mandulo, lobuThixo baboniswa njengendoda enentloko yenkunzi yemvu okanye ngokupheleleyo njengezilwanyana. Ezandleni zakhe uphethe isiphambano esinomsila, ofanekisela ubomi nokungafi. Kulo, oothixo baseYiputa baseYiputa bajoyina u-Amon noRa, ngoko unamandla kunye nempembelelo yabo bobabini. Wayexhasa abantu, wabancedisa kwiimeko ezilukhuni, ngoko ke wanikelwa njengomntu onomdla kwaye owenza izinto zonke.
EYiputa yaseYiputa, unkulunkulu uRa no-Amon bakhanyisa umhlaba, bahamba esibhakabhakeni ngasemlanjeni, kwaye ebusuku baguqula kwiNayile engaphantsi komhlaba ukuba babuyele ekhaya. Abantu bakholelwa ukuba yonke imihla phakathi kobusuku, walwa nenyoka enkulu. Babecinga ngo-Amon Ra oyintloko we-Pharaohs. Kwimbali, unokubona ukuba inkolo yolu thixo ihlala ishintshile ukubaluleka kwayo, ngoko iwa, ikhuphuke.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa u-Osiris
KwiYiputa yamandulo, uothixo wayemelwe ngomfanekiso wendoda eyayifakwe kwisigubungelo, esongezelela ukufana nomama. U-Osiris wayengumlawuli weli xesha emva kokufa, ngoko ke isithsaba sasisoloko isithsaba. Ngokweengcamango zaseYiputa zakudala, lo wayekumkani wokuqala weli lizwe, ngoko ke ezandleni zibonakalisa amandla-isabha kunye nentonga. Ulusu lwakhe lumnyama kwaye lo mbala ubonisa ukuzalwa kwakhona kunye nobomi obutsha. U-Osiris uhlala ehamba nesityalo, umzekelo, i-lotus, umdiliya nomthi.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa wokuzalisa unemihlaba emininzi, oko kukuthi, u-Osiris wenza imisebenzi eminingi. Wayehlonishwa njengomgcini wezityalo kunye nemikhosi evelisayo yemvelo. U-Osiris wayebhekwa njengomgcini oyintloko kunye nomkhuseli wabantu, kunye nomlawuli weza emva kokufa, owagweba abantu abafileyo. UOsiris wafundisa abantu ukuhlakulela umhlaba, ukukhula kwamagilebhisi, ukuphatha izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo nokwenza omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa uAnubis
Into ebalulekileyo yalobu dimbi ngumzimba wendoda enentloko yenja emnyama okanye ijeka. Esi silwanyana asikhethwanga ngengozi, inyaniso kukuba amaYiputa ayehlala ewabona emangcwabeni, ngoko ayenxulumene nokuphila emva kokufa. Kweminye imifanekiso, i-Anubis igxininiswe ngokupheleleyo kumfanekiso wempuphu okanye ijebe, elele kwisifuba. KwiYiputa yamandulo, unkulunkulu wabantu abafileyo eneentloko zamagosa yayineembopheleleko ezibalulekileyo.
- Wawavikela amangcwaba, ngoko ke abantu babedla ngokuthandaza i-Anubis emangcwabeni.
- Wathatha inxaxheba ekugcobeni oothixo kunye noFaro. Kwimifanekiso emininzi, iinkqubo zokumisa iminyango zaye zabakho ngumbingeleli kwi-mask inja.
- Umqhubi wemiphefumlo efile ekufeni emva kokufa. EYiputa yaseYiputa yayikholelwa ukuba uAnubis uhambisa abantu enkundleni yaseOsiris.
Walinganisa intliziyo yomntu ofileyo ukuba aqinisekise ukuba umphefumlo ufanelwe ukungena ebukumkanini obusondeleyo. Kwinqanaba kwicala elinye libekwe intliziyo, kwaye kwelinye - unkulunkulukazi u-Maat ngendlela yeentambo zeenciniba.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa uSete
Wayemela ubumbano ngomzimba womntu kunye nentloko yesilwanyana semfihlelo, apho inja kunye nephepir zidibanisa. Enye into ehlukileyo i-wig enkulu. USete ngu-Osiris umzalwana kunye nokuqonda kwamaYiputa amandulo nguThixo wobubi. Wayesoloko ebonakaliswa ngentloko yesilwanyana esingcwele - imbongolo. Babecinga ukuba uSete ube ngumntu wemfazwe, isomiso nokufa. Zonke iintlungu kunye neentlungu zabizwa kulo mxoka-mko waseYiputa wamandulo. Akazange anqatshelwe ngenxa yokuba wayebhekwa njengomkhuseli omkhulu weRa ngexesha lokulwa ebusuku kunye nenyoka.
UThixo waseYiputa waseMount
LobuThixo unemizimba emininzi, kodwa edume kakhulu ngumntu onentloko ye-falcon, apho kungenakuqinisekiswa ukuba isithsaba sinokuthi. Isimboli salo ilanga ngamaphiko atyulukileyo. Unkulunkulu waseLibya waseYiputa ngexesha lokulwa elahlekelwa yiso lakhe, okwaba ngumqondiso obalulekileyo kwiintetho. Uwuphawu lobulumko, i-clairvoyance nobomi obungunaphakade. KwiYiputa YaseYiputa, iYiso likaHorus laligqithwe njengento ekhuselekileyo.
Ngokutsho kweenkolelo zasendulo, Gore wayehlonishwa njengonkulunkulu obunobuncwane, obunqwenela kwixhoba lawo ngamacwecwe e-falconry. Kukho enye inkolelo, apho ehamba khona esibhakabhakeni kwisikhephe. UThixo weLanga leentaba wamnceda u-Osiris ukuba avuke, apho wamkela ngokubulela itrone waza waba ngumbusi. Wayexhaswa ngabaninzi abaninzi, efundisa ngemilingo nobulumko obuhlukahlukeneyo.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa waseGoeb
Kuze kube ngoku, imifanekiso emininzi yangaphambili ifunyenwe ngabadala be-archaeologists. I-Geb ngumgcini wehlabathi, amaYiputa afuna ukuwahambisa kunye nomfanekiso wangaphandle: umzimba ulula njengethafa, izandla ziphakanyiswa phezulu - ukuhlengahlengiswa kwethambeka. KwiYiputa yamandulo, wayemelwe nomfazi wakhe uNut, umphathi wezulu. Nangona kukho imifanekiso emininzi, ulwazi malunga namandla kunye neendawo ze-Heba akukho nto. UThixo womhlaba eYiputa wayeyi-Osiris no-Isis. Kwakukho ihlelo lonke, elibandakanya abantu basebenza emasimini ukukhusela ekulameni nasekuqinisekiseni isivuno esihle.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa waseThoti
Ubuninzi babemelwe kwiimbini ezimbini nakwixesha la mandulo, kwakuyizinyoni zase-ibis ezinomlenze omde ovalwe. Wayebhekwa njengomqondiso wesantya kunye ne-harbinger yobuninzi. Kwixesha elizayo, uThoth wayemelwe njengebhokhwe. Kukho oothixo baseYiputa, abahlala phakathi kwabantu kwaye babhekisela kumntu owayengumgcini wobulumko waza wanceda wonke umntu ukuba afunde isayensi. Kwakukholelwa ukuba wafundisa iYiputa incwadi, i-akhawunti, kwaye yakha ikhalenda.
Ungunkulunkulu weNyanga kwaye ngezigaba zakhe wadibanisa kunye neenkwenkwezi ezahlukeneyo zeenkwenkwezi neenkwenkwezi. Le yeso sizathu sokuba ngumntu wobulumko kunye nomlingo. UThoth wayebhekwa njengomsunguli wemikhosi eninzi yonqulo. Kweminye imithombo ubala kunye noothixo bexesha. Kwintsimi yonkulunkulu baseYiputa, wahlala kwindawo yombhali, u-Vizier Ra kunye nobhala wenkundla yamatyala.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa waseAton
Ubunobumba be-disk yelanga, eyayimelwe ngemisebe ngesimo seentendelezo, eselula emhlabeni kunye nabantu. Oku kwahluke kuye kwezinye izithixo ezingabonakaliyo. Umfanekiso ogqwesileyo kakhulu umelelwe ngasemva kwetrone yaseTutankhamun. Kukho uluvo lokuba inkolo yolu bhixo yathintela ukwakheka nokuphuhliswa kwe-monotheism yamaYuda. Loo unkulunkulu welanga eYiputa udibanisa impawu yendoda neyowesifazane ngexesha elifanayo. Isetyenziswe kwixesha elidlulileyo lixesha elide - "i-Aton yesilivere", echaza inyanga.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa uPtah
Ubuthixo bumelelwe ngendoda yendoda engafaniyo nabanye abazange bembathise isithsaba, kwaye ikhanda lakhe lambozwa ngekhanda elibonakala ngathi lijonge. Njengabanye oothixo baseYiputa baseYiputa abadityaniswe nomhlaba (Osiris noSokar), uPtah wambethe ekhuselekileyo, engaqhathanisi kunye neentloko. Ukufana kwangaphandle kwakhokelela ekuhlanganiseni ubukumkani obunye u-Ptah-Sokar-Osiris. AmaYiputa amjonga njengothixo omhle, kodwa iimbono ezininzi zezinto zakudala zifumanisa le ngcamango, ekubeni iifriji zifunyenwe apho zimelelwa khona njengezilwanyana eziphangazelayo izilwanyana.
U-Ptah ungumgcini wongcongolo wesixeko saseMemphis, apho kwakukho inkolelo yokuba wadala yonke into esemhlabeni ngamandla okucinga kunye negama, ngoko wayebhekwa njengomdali. Wayenxulumene nomhlaba, indawo yokungcwaba yabafileyo kunye nemithombo yokuzala. Olunye uhambo lwePtah nguThixo wobugcisa baseYiputa, ngoko wayebhekwa njengomkhandi kunye nomdwebi woluntu, kunye nomphathi wabasebenzi.
Unkulunkulu waseYiputa uApis
AmaYiputa ayenazo ezininzi izilwanyana ezingcwele, kodwa inkomo ehlonelwe kakhulu yayinguApis. Wayenomzimba wangempela waza wachazwa ngeempawu ezingama-29 ezaziwa kuphela kubabingeleli. Bazimisele ukuzalwa komnquli omtsha ngesimo senkunzi entsha, kwaye yayingumthendeleko odumile waseYiputa wamandulo. Inkunzi yenkomo yahlala kwindawo etempileni yaye yayingqonge ukuhlonipha uThixo ubomi bakhe bonke. Kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wezolimo, u-Apis wayebanjwe, kwaye uFaro wayilala umqolo. Oku kunika isivuno esihle kwixesha elizayo. Emva kokufa kwenkunzi yenkomo, bayingcwatyelwa ingcwaba.
U-Apis - unkulunkulu waseYiputa, ukunyamezela ukuzala, waboniswa ngesikhumba esiluhlaza ekhephu esinamabala amnyama amaninzi kunye nenani lalo lichanekileyo. Yenziwa ngeentsimbi ezahlukileyo, ezihambelana nezithethe ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweempondo i-disk yelanga yodolo uRa. Ngisho noApis wayenokuthatha ifom yomntu ngentloko yenkomo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kwandiswa kwithuba elide.
I-Pantheon yoothixo baseYiputa
Ukususela ekuqalweni kwempucuko yamandulo, inkolelo kwiiNkundla eziPhakamileyo zavela. I-pantheon yayinabantu abanonkulunkulu abanamakhono ahlukeneyo. Abazange bahlale bephatha abantu ngomusa, ngoko amaYiputa amakhela iithempeli ngobuqaqawuli bawo, azisa izipho aze athandaze. Iqabane lezithixo zaseYiputa linamagama angaphezu kwamawaka amabini, kodwa iqela eliphambili linokuthi lithathwe ngaphantsi kwekhulu. Ezinye izithixo zazinqula kuphela kwimimandla ethile okanye kwizizwe ezithile. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekileyo - ulawulo oluphezulu luya kutshintsha kuxhomekeke kwimbutho yezopolitiko.