Iindlu zokhuni ziye zithandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto ezilungileyo ezithandayo. Eyona nto iyathandwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa usebenzisa i-borrowed columns. Ukusuka kuwo kwakhiwa izindlu ezincinci kunye ne-attic, i-attic, indawo yokuhlala kunye namabini amabini.
Uyilo lwezindlu ukusuka kwibha
Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kwindlu yelizwe evela kwibha yenziwa kwi-monolithic, kodwa ingasisiseko esisiseko. Isantya sokwakha sisimangalisa nje - kwiiveki ezimbalwa nje unokufumana ikhaya elithembekileyo elinokufudumala nokushisa. Ukubonelelwa ngokuchanekileyo eyenziwa kwimisebenzi yokutsalwa kwe-thermal yangaphandle kunye nokugqiba, iindleko ezilandelayo zokufudumala ziya kuba zingancinci.
Phakathi kweenzuzo ezingenakukhunjulwa, ezinezindlu zokhuni ezisuka kwimilo:
- ubuhlobo obusondelene nokusingqongileyo - ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha zendalo kuyona inzuzo enkulu;
- Izindleko eziphantsi - xa kuthelekiswa nokwakhiwa kwezitena okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-slag, izindlu zeenkuni ezivela kumthi zineendleko zokwakha ezincinci, ezingathinteli umgangatho wesakhiwo;
- i-microclimate ekhululekile - ngokuchithwa okufanelekileyo, uyilo luhlala lupholile ehlobo kwaye lufudumele ebusika, oku kufezwe ngenxa yokugcina ukushisa kwebar kunye nokukwazi "ukuphefumula";
- Umbono okhangayo ngaphandle kokugqitywa kwemali - ngokungafani nezinye izinto zokwakha, i-boram yinto enhle kwaye ngaphandle kokugqitywa kwexabiso elide, unokumxhaka kwaye uyifake kunye nokucwangcisa;
- Isantya sokwakhiwa - izindlu zasehlotyeni ezivela kwibar, mhlawumbi, ukukhawuleza ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukuze inyanga emva kokuba uqale ungakwazi ukungena ekhaya lakho elitsha.
Ihlobo le-single-storey izindlu ezivela kwibha
Izindlu ezincinci zezindlu zokuhlala zihlala zenziwe kwibhar - ukulungiswa kwazo kungabizi kwaye akuthathi ixesha elide. Ngokubanzi, ukwakhiwa kwamabalana omnye kuhlale kushibhile ngenxa yendawo encinci, ubunzima kunye nokungabi nanyathelo kwezitepsi phakathi kweepansi. Ubungakanani bezinto eziye zafunyanwa ziyakwenza ukuba uxhobise isiseko esincinci, kwaye oku kusindisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Izindlu zendawo enye yokuhlala kwibar ibulungile, xa kungekho mfuneko yesigangatho sesibini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isiqabane esele sihlala kuyo, kunzima ukunqoba inqanaba. Kukho ezinye izizathu ezinengqiqo zokukhetha isakhiwo esisodwa sezandi. Umzekelo, iindleko eziphantsi zokufudumala, ukugcina amandla kunye nexesha lokugcina nokucoca izindlu.
Izindlu ezimbini zendawo yokuhlala ukusuka kwibhar
Ukuba umgangatho omnye awunelungelo lokuphila, udinga indlu yesakhiwo sezindlu ezimbini kwi-bar. Iphindwe kabini indawo encedo, ukuze ilungu ngalinye lentsapho linokuluxhobisa ummandla wakhe ngenduduzo. Kule meko, kwakhiwa kufuneka kusetyenziswe isiseko se-pil-and-screw, kuba iintsika-iintsika azikwazi ukujamelana nokunyuka kweso sakhiwo. Isixa salo sonke sokwakha asiyi kutshintsha kakhulu - i-"designer" ekulungeleyo iya kubuthela iiveki ezi-4.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwezindlu ezimbini zepropati yelizwe, ngoko ke lo luhlobo lwangaphakathi. Ukuba kumagumbi okuhlala kunye namagumbi angabikho ahlala kunye nendawo yokuhlala, ngoko kwimbali ezimbini zihluke ngokwahlukileyo. Kumgangatho wokuqala kukhitshi enegumbi lokuhlala, indlu yokuhlambela kunye neholo lokungena. Ngomgangatho wesibini kukho izindlu zokulala, apho kungengokwesiko ukumema iindwendwe, ukuze zihlale zihlala zizezinye.
Indlu eyenziwe ngamaplanga kunye ne-attic
Eyaziwayo kakhulu izindlu zelizwe ezenziwe ngamatye kunye ne -attic . Ikuvumela ukuba ulondoloze ukwakhiwa, ukwandisa indawo yokuhlala ngokuphantse. I-attic, ibe yindawo esecaleni kwephahla lophahla, ikhutshwe ngokucophelela, ukwenzela ukuba, ngokwenene, yindawo ehlala kuyo yonke indawo yokuhlala apho kukho izindlu zokulala ezinokulungiswa.
Kwiiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo ezigqityiweyo zendlu yeenkuni zeplanga kwi-attic kukhona amakamelo amathathu, iholo elincinci, kukho indawo yokuhlambela. Omnye ukhetha ukuxhobisa apha igumbi le-billiard, igumbi leendwendwe, igumbi lokuzonwabisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwakunjani, ukwakhiwa kwee-attic kungabizi ngaphantsi komgangatho wesibini ogcweleyo, ukusebenza kwayo akubi ngaphantsi kwayo.
Izindlu ezenziwe ngamatye kunye negaraji
Ukwakhiwa kwamanxweme kwanamhlanje kukubonelela ngokubonakala kwegalaji esele isicwangciso soyilo. Kubalulekile ukuphumeza ngokufanelekileyo le projekthi. Ubunqwenelekayo kukuba igaraji kufuneka libekwe njengesiseko esiphezulu kwendawo yonke yendlu kwaye ufake into ehlukileyo kwisicwangciso sonke. Oku kunikwa kwi-SNiP nakwamanye amaxwebhu aqhelekileyo. Ukuze ungaphumeleli, kungcono ukuba ujike ngokukhawuleza kwiingcali zenkampani ngokugqithiseleyo imibuzo edibeneyo.
Indlu yelizwe elincinane yebhar egalaji ngaphandle ihlukile kancinane kwindlu ngaphandle kwegaraji. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanani amanqaku amaninzi: kwigumbi legaraji elinesimo sokungena umoya -candelo lucwangciswe ngenye indlela - lenza izivulo zeprojekithi ezivulekileyo kwicandelo le-part-part section, kwinqanaba eliphezulu legalaji sele ifakwe umbhobho wokukhenkceza apho yonke imfucumfucu yokugcoba nomoya ovuthayo ikhutshwa ngaphandle. Kwakhona, ukukhuseleka okukukhuselekileyo kwigaraji kunika ubungqina be-hydrobarrier kunye nezinto zokufaka umphunga, izinto ezingenazo izindlu zingabonakali kwiimfucu eziyingozi kunye ne-soot.
Izindlu zasehlobo zivela kwibharki eneeranda
I-Veranda iyongezwa kwindlu, ihlanganiswe ngophahla emvula kwaye iyanqandwa ngamatye okanye iindonga ngokuganda. Itholakala kwinqanaba lomgangatho wokuqala, ngokuqhubeka kwayo, ngelixa kungabandakanywa kwindawo epheleleyo yesakhiwo. I-veranda ayifuthi, ngoko ke isetyenziswe ikakhulukazi kwixesha elifudumeleyo. Iimihlaba ezivulekileyo zibizwa ngokuba ngamathala.
Ngokuqhelekileyo izindlu ezilungileyo ezisuka kwibar ziyazaliswa ngama-verandas ahlazileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuzonwabisa okumnandi kwimvelo, njengoko kukuvumela ukuba ucinge ngombono ovula. Ukuba ubeka apha isethi yefenitshala yegadi, unokulungiselela kwi-veranda yokutya kwindawo evulekile. Kwimozulu efudumeleyo, abantwana banokudlala apha, kwaye kusihlwa kuya kuba yindoda ecocekileyo apho yonke intsapho ibutha.
Ukugqiba indlu ukusuka kwibha
I-dacha cosiness ekhethekileyo yendlu ukusuka kwiplanga idalwe kubuhle ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukuhambelana kwendalo kunye nekhono layo lokulawula ngokuzimeleyo i-microclimate kwigumbi. Kule meko, indlu akufanele ibuke ngakumbi, kodwa ingcono kunokuba ibukeka kuqala. Ukugqiba akubandakanyi ukufihla ngokupheleleyo kwebhanki phantsi kwezinye izinto zokwakha. Ngamanye amaxesha yonke into iyagqitywa ngokugaya iindonga kunye nokugubungela nge-antiseptics, ukukhenkcela kunye nokugcoba. Leyo yodwa eyongeziweyo kwimeko apha ayinikezelwa.
Indlu yangaphandle yendlu ukusuka kwimithi
Ukuba udinga indlu ebusika yendlu yebusika ephuma ebharini, kufuneka ukuba yongezwe ngaphandle, ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-thermally insulation zamatye azikwazi ukuhlala zibonelela ukushisa kwindlu ekuhlala kuyo. Qinisekisa ubuncinci be-insulation kunye nebheyinini enokuthi kwenziwe nge-calculator ejwayelekile. Ukongezelela ekutshiseni, umgca owongezelelweyo ukhusela ekumanyeni naselanga. Ukongeza kwinqanaba elungileyo lombuzo, omnye makayicinge ngeempawu zobugcisa zeendonga zangaphandle zendlu. Njengoko izixhobo ezigqityiweyo zokugqibela zokugqibela zixhobo zeepayili, iiplanga kunye nezindlu zokuvimba .
Indlu yeemithi ngaphakathi
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze kuhlotswe izindonga zangaphakathi kunye neziphoso zabo, ukugqitywa kwendlu yelizwe ukusuka kwimithi kuyadingeka. Oku kunokwenziwa ngoncedo lwamabhodi, ii-MDF, ii-DSPs. Kungcono ukuba ungagubungeli umgangatho kwindlu yamatye kunye naluphi na izinto eziphantsi komhlaba, ukuze ungabi nciphisa amandla "okuphefumula". Kufuneka ibuyiswe kwakhona kwaye igqitywe. Kuye kufana nokusebenza kwisiqwenga. Ukuba ubuso bungaboni kakuhle, ungayifakela nge-plasterboard okanye enye i-sheet material, elandelwa ngu-shpatlevaniem, ukudweba okanye iphepha lodonga.