I-uterus yowesifazane iyilungu eliphambili lenkqubo yokuzala. Kukuzalwa kobomi obutsha, uphuhliso kunye nokukhula komntwana. Isibeleko, kunye neefowendages, sinobunzima obuyingqungquthela obulawula umsebenzi wezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo zomzimba, inquma isigxina sobomi besifazane.
Isibeleko senziwe njani?
Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sesisu sesisu sisodwa. Ekuqaleni kwexesha lokukhulelwa, umzimba uphantsi kweenguqu zokuhamba ngeenyanga. Ngokutsho kwesakhiwo sakhe, i-organ iqulethe ezintathu iintlobo zezicubu:
- Uluhlu oluphezulu lujikelezo. Ikhupha ilungu elivela ngaphandle, likhusele ukuba libi.
- Uluhlu oluphakathi luyi-myometrium. Imelelwe yimithambo ye-muscle kunye ne-fiberg fibers, ephezulu kakhulu. Le propati ichaza ukuba inokwenzeka ukuba isitho somzimba senze ukwanda ngokukhulu ngokukhulula ngexesha lexesha lokubambana. I-Physiologists ithi i-myometrium fibers yomeleleyo kumzimba wesibhakabhaka kunye nezihlunu ezinokukwazi ukunyamezela imithwalo enzima.
- Uluhlu lwangaphakathi luyi-endometrial (isebenza). Ngokucacileyo loluhlu ludlala indima enkulu ekukhutheni-lufakwa kuwo kwaye iqanda lomntwana likhula kulo. Ukuba ukukhulelwa kungenzeki, iiseli ze-endometrial ziqala ukufa kwaye zishiye umlenze wesisu kunye nexesha lokuya esikhathini.
Uphi isizalo somfazi?
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izitho zokuzala zabafazi, isisu, ngokukodwa, sinokuhamba. Ngenxa yoko, ubude bomzimba buyahlukahluka kwaye buxhomekeke kwisigaba esithile sokuphila (ukubeletha, ukukhulelwa). Ngokuqhelekileyo isibeleko sisekuhlaleni kwentsimbi encinci, phakathi kwe-rectum kunye ne-bladder. Iphezukisiwe kancane, kwaye kumacala omabini kwicala lawo ixhasa iigamentshi ezikhusela ilungu ekunciphiseni, ukunika ukuhamba kwelungu.
Siyabulela kwi-apparatus yegament, i-uterus yowesifazane inako ukutshintsha indawo yayo. Ngoko, ngesigqabiso esigcwele, ilungu liyekezela, kwaye xa i-rectum igcwele, qhubela phambili. Utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindawo yombeleko lubonakala xa umntwana ezalwa. Ukukhula kombungu akukho nje ukunyuka kwindleko yesitho somzimba, kodwa kubangela ukuba ihambe ngaphaya komgca we-pelvis encinci.
Isibeleko sibonakala njani?
Emva kokuhlolisisa ngokufutshane isakhiwo sesisu kubasetyhini, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba iqumrhu ngokwayo libukeka njengephepha eliphambeneyo. Ngokwakheko lomzimba kuyisiko lokubanika:
- ngaphantsi;
- umzimba;
- entanyeni.
Ngaphantsi inxalenye engaphezulu yelungu, i-convex, esekwe ngaphaya komgca wokudibanisa kwisibeleko se-tublopian tubes. Umzimba unesimo soguqu, luphakathi luyinxalenye yelungu. Inxalenye engezantsi yesisu - intamo - ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini: isahluko sesisu - siphumela kwisigxina somfazi, kunye nesigxina-isahlulo esiphezulu esiphezulu kwesigxina somfazi. Kwindawo yokuguquka komzimba entanyeni kukho ukunyanzelisa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-ismmus. Inxalenye yomfazi inomda kumngcingo wesibeleko.
Imisebenzi yesisu
Umsebenzi oyintloko wesibeleko uzala. Lo mzimba uhambelana ngokuqhubekayo nenkqubo yokuzala. Ngokukhawuleza kuyo, inxalenye encinci ivela kwiiseli ezimbini zesini. Ukongezelela, kukho enye iminye imisebenzi eyenziwa ngumbelethi:
- Khusela. Iqumrhu liyisithintelo sokusabalala kwee-microorganisms ze-pathogenic, iintsholongwane ezisuka kwisini ukuya kwii-appendages.
- Ukucocwa - nyanga zonke, kunye ne-self-cleaning ye-canal, isisu kunye nokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuchumisa - ikhonkco kwindlela ye-spermatozoa esuka kwisigxina samanzi ukuya kwiphubhu ye-fallopian.
- Ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokumisela.
- Uqinisa umgangatho weplavic kunye neefayili zayo ezigulisa.
Isibeletho somfazi - ubukhulu
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba loo pharamitha njengobungakanani besisu esisetyhini sinokuxabisa okhethekileyo. Ngoko, ukwandisa umthamo womzimba, ugqirha unokukwazi ukucinga okokuqala malunga nokugula okanye ukukhulelwa kakade kwinqanaba lokuqala loviwo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Ubungakanani besisu buyahluka kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziliqela:
- ubukho beentsholongwane kunye nezifo zenkqubo yokuzala;
- ubukho bokukhulelwa nokuzala;
- ubudala beli bhinqa.
Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo besisu somfazi ongenanto
Ukuchongwa kwezifo zesisu, ukusekwa kobukhulu bomzimba kwenziwa nge-ultrasound. Le ndlela yezinto eziphathekayo inceda ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho olusesikweni kwilungu, ukuseka indawo ekhoyo yendawo yayo. Ubungakanani besisu buqhelekileyo kumfazi ongenabantwana, oku kulandelayo:
- ubude - 7-8 cm;
- ububanzi obude buyi-5 cm;
- ubunzima - malunga no-50 g.
Ubungakanani bentsholongwane kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhulelwa
Ukukhulelwa kuyinkqubo enzima kwaye ininzi, ihamba kunye nokukhula kunye nophuhliso lomntwana. Ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu bexesha elizayo umntwana kwaye kubangele ukukhula kwesibeleko, umthamo wayo. Kule meko, utshintsho lwezakhiwo ekubunjweni kweendonga zombutho ziyabonwa: kungekhona nje ukunyuka komgangatho kodwa ukunyuka kwamanani emisipha yomzimba kwenzeka. Kule meko, isisu sesisu sisanda ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Kwiiveki zokuqala zesigxina, isitho sobulili sigcina ifom yefayili yayo, ngokuqinisekileyo ayitshintshi ubungakanani bayo, ekubeni i-embryo isancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngenyanga yesibini ilungu lifumana uhlobo oluthile, kwaye ubungakanani bentsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa lwandise amaxesha amaninzi ngeli xesha. Ubunzima bombele ngokwawo buyanda, kwaye ekupheleni kwexesha lokuthoma lifikelela ku-1 kg! Kuviwo ngalunye lomfazi okhulelweyo, ugqirha useka ukuphakama kokuma kwe-uterine fundus. Utshintsho kule parameter yeeveki zokukhulelwa luboniswe kwitheyibhile elingezantsi.
Ubungakanani bombele emva kokubeletha
Emva kokusondeza, umbele wesifazane uqala ukuphucula kancane kancane. Iyancipha ngobukhulu, ubunzima bayo bunciphisa. Le nkqubo ithatha isilinganiso samaviki 6-8. Inkqubo iyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko, ekupheleni kweveki yokuqala, ngomhla wesi-6 ukuya ku-7 emva kokuzalwa, isisu sikhulu malunga ne-500-600 g, kwaye sele sele isele ngomhla we-10 emva kokuvela komntwana ekukhanyeni-300-400 g. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni kweveki yesithathu umzimba ukhulula 200 ngaphakathi
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo ye-involution inomlingiswa ngamnye. Ukuchonga ubungakanani bentsholongwane ye-ultrasound, isiqhelo esinikezelwa ngezantsi, oogqirha banokugqiba izigqibo malunga nokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yokuzala. Ukuchazwa kweemeko kulo mzekelo oogqirha bathi:
- iqondo lokunyuselwa kwe-uterine kwimeko ye- polyhydramnios ;
- ukukhulelwa okubanzi ;
- ubunzima bomzimba bomntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ubungakanani besisu esiswini
Ukunquma kwexesha - ixesha lokupheliswa kokuhamba kwexesha, kuhambisane nokutshintshwa okusebenzayo kunye nokwakhiwa komzimba kwisisu. I-hormonal system ivelisa i-hormone engaphantsi kwesini, ngenxa yokuba i-endometrium iyayeka ukuvuthwa, iiseli ezintsha azisekho. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu besitho somzimba. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngobuncinane besibindi kwi-ultrasound.
Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka emi-5 yokuqala ukususela ekuqaleni kwexesha lokugqibela, ngokubhekiselele kwimiba yeengcali, umthamo wesisu sowesifazane usancitshiswe ngama-35%. Kule meko, ngo-1-2 cm, ubukhulu bayo bunciphisa ubude nobubanzi. Ukuncipha ngobukhulu besigxina sobuni buyeka emva kweminyaka engamashumi ama-20 ukuya ku-25 ukusuka kwimizuzu yokuqala kokumisa umva (ngo-70-80 iminyaka). Ngalesi sikhathi ilungu linomlinganiselo we 3-4 cm kuphela.
Izifo zoluhlu lwebele
Izifo zentsholongwane kubasetyhini zinokwenzeka nanini na ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwemigqaliselo yoogqirha, ngokuqhelekileyo indlela yokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwazo iinguqulelo ze-hormones kumzimba. Oku kuqinisekisa ubungqina obuphezulu bokuphuhliswa kweentsholongwane zenkqubo yokuzala ngexesha lokutshatyalaliswa komntwana, emva kokubeleka kunye nexesha lokunyuka kwesisu. Uninzi lweentsholongwane zesisu luyavuthayo kunye neenkqubo ezithintekayo kwisitho somzimba. Phakathi kwezifo eziqhelekileyo zalo mzimba zingabonwa:
- Iinkqubo ezivuthayo: i-metritis, i- endometritis , i-adnexitis.
- Iintsholongwane zentanyeni ye-uterine: ukukhukhula , i-ectopia, i-dysplasia, umhlaza wesibeleko.
- Iimeko ezintle ezihambelana nesisu: ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic , i-ovarian apoplexy, ukukhupha isisu.
- Iinkqubo zokuxhamla: i-myoma, i-fibroma.
Iintsholongwane zokubeleka zesibindi
Izifo zesibindi esivela kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwamanyathelo enkqubo yokuzala, ukubekwa kwezitho zobulili, kuthiwa yi-congenital. Phakathi kweentsholongwane eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo kufuneka kubhale oku kulandelayo:
- Isibeletho esinezimbini-esakhiwe ngenxa yokungahlanganisi izixhobo zeMüllerian. Kule meko, ezi ntlobo zentlupheko zilandelayo:
- I-Saddle - imeko xa kuphela umzi womzimba uhlulwe.
- I-uterus enee-septum ezingaphelelanga okanye ezipheleleyo-ukuma akutshintshi ngaphandle, nangona kunjalo, i-septum ibonakala kwisigxina, isahlukanise okanye ihlule ngokupheleleyo.
- Umzimba ohlukileyo onentamo evamile yenziwa xa ama-Müllerian fusions adibanisa kwingingqi yomlomo wesibeleko.
- Ukungabaza kwesibeletho - kungekhona nje kuphela umzimba wesisu olwahlukileyo, kodwa kunye nentamo.
Izifo ezithintekayo zesisu
Izifo zabesetyhini ezithintekayo zentsholongwane zihlobo oluqhelekileyo lokukhubazeka kweli candelo. Bangakwazi ukuphakama kwi-banal engeyiyo yokugcinwa kwemimiselo yococeko olusondeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusasazeka kwe-arhente echaphazelekayo kwenzeka ngexesha loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, ngoko ke abafazi beminyaka yobudala bayakwazi ukufumana izifo. I-Pathology ihlala ihamba kunye neenguqu kwi microflora, ngoko kukho uphawu olongezelelweyo oluvumela ukuba kuchonge ukuphulwa (ukutshisa, ukutshisa kwindawo ephazamisayo, i-hyperemia). Phakathi kwezifo eziqhelekileyo kubasetyhini:
- Candidiasis;
- gardnerellez ;
- chlamydia;
- ureaplasmosis;
- iitalpes zomzimba ;
- intsholongwane ye-papilloma.
Izifo ze-ecological of the uterus
Izifo zesibhinqa zesisu, ezihamba kunye neenkqubo ezinjenge-tumor, zimeleleke kuzo zonke iintsholongwane zenkqubo yokuzala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, into ebangela ukuba uphuhliso lwayo lube lukhuni olungapheliyo kunye neenkqubo ezithintekayo, izifo ezibangelwa yi-hormonal disorders. Ubunzima bokuxilongwa kwezi zifo kukungabikho komfanekiso ocacileyo wekliniki, onobuqili, ukuhamba kwexesha elide. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-tumor ifunyenwe ngokuhlolwa ngengozi. Phakathi kwezifo ezinjengezifo zesisu, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- myoma ;
- fibroma;
- umhlaza we-endometrial ;
- polycystosis.
Ukungabikho kwezibeleko zesisu
Ngokweminyaka yobudala, i-genitalia yesifazane, isibeleko sinokutshintsha indawo yabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubasetyhini abadala, kuncipha kwintsholongwane ebangelwa yi-ligamentous device disorder kunye neenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iqumrhu liye lafuduka phantsi, kwicala lomfazi. Esi sifo sihamba kunye nesifo esithile:
- ukuziva uxinzelelo;
- ukungathandeki kwi-groin;
- intlungu kwisisu esezantsi;
- ukucima ukutshatyalaliswa (ukukhawuleza, ukungabikho komzimba).
Ingozi yokukhubazeka yinto enokubakho iingxaki ze-prolapse ye-uterus ukusuka kwisisu. Le meko ifuna unonophelo lwengonyango, ngoko ke xa unempawu zokuqala udinga ukubona ugqirha. Unyango lubandakanya ukubuyiswa kokugqitywa kobugqwetha bexhobo zeligament phantsi komgangatho weplavic, ukukhangela izihlunu zesisu.
Ukususwa kwesibindi sesisu
Ukususwa kwelungu elithwala abantwana kubhekiswa oogqirha njengokwenziwa kwe-hysterectomy. Le ndlela yokwelapha isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizifo ezingenakulungelelaniswa unyango, ubukho bokuba lunokuchaphazela imeko ephezulu yabasetyhini. Njengobungqina be-hysterectomy, oogqirha bachaza ukuphulwa okulandelayo:
- i-uterine fibroids kunye nobukhulu obude ngaphezu kweveki ezili-12;
- i-fibromyoma;
- Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweengcambu ze-myomatous;
- iipolisi ezimbi;
- i-carcinoma;
- i-necrosis yamathambo e-myoma;
- ukukrokra kwe-oncology;
- umhlaza womzimba okanye umlomo wesibeleko.
Abafazi abalungiselela loo msebenzi bahlala benomdla kumbuzo weemiphumo emva kokuba kususwe isisu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, izigulane ezinjalo zifuna i-hormone yokulungiswa rhoqo yonyango. Ngokusebenza kakuhle, ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango kunye nemiyalelo yoogqirha, iimiphumo ezimbi emva kokususwa kwesibeleko kuncitshiswa.