- Indawo: iBolivia, La Paz, Tiwanako
Kwilizwe elimangalisayo laseBolivia, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-Incas enamandla, enye impucuko - iTiwanaku , eyachuphuma iminyaka engama-4 - imithetho. Enye yezinto eziyimfihlelo yeli buso, elondoloziweyo kuze kube yimini, yiSango leLanga (isiNgesi: iSango leLanga kunye ne-Spanish version yePuerta del Sol).
Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo malunga nesiganeko sembali
Isango lilitye lelitye kunye nobukhulu obuphezulu: ukuphakama kweemitha ezi-3, ububanzi beemitha ezine kunye nobubanzi bomyinge wemitha, kwaye ubunzima bayo bu malunga neetoni ezingama-44. Ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, ama-aborigines asetyenziselwa i-monolith eqinile esuka kwi-andesite eyi-gray-green.
ISango leLanga eBolivia lisondele kufuphi neLake Titicaca kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-3800 ngaphezu kolwandle kwaye luyinxalenye yetempile yaseKalasasaya, inxalenye yenkxalabo yokwakha yaseTiwanaku. Zizo ndawo apho zifumene khona ekupheleni kweXesti yeXIX. Iingcali zesayensi zisenayo ingcamango ecacileyo yintoni na le siganeko esasetyenziselwa yona, kwaye ibeka phambili iingcamango ezahlukeneyo kule nqanaba.
Umthandi we-Archeologist u-Arthur Poznansky wayengowokuqala ukunika isikhumbuzo somlando igama leSango laseSango, elilandelwayo.
Umlando-mlando odumile u-Vaclav Scholz ubonisa ukuba iSango laseSango laphulwa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngaphambili, kwaye kwakhona yakha kwakhona, kodwa indawo yabo yangaphambili ayichazi oku. Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba babephakathi kwetempile.
Inkcazo yeSango iTiwanaku
Kwisona siphakamiso sesithintelo kunye nomfanekiso wesintu kwinqanaba lagqitywa. Lo mfanekiso uboniswa ngabasebenzi ezandleni zakhe, endaweni yeenwele unentloko yepuma kunye ne-condor, kwaye ibhanti isithweswe ngeengqungquthela zabantu. Xa ukhangela udala imvakalelo yokuba iinyembezi zigeleza ebusweni beli sidalwa.
Kule nqanaba kukho izidalwa ezingama-48 ezinobomi obuthathele ubuso kwiziko. Kujikeleze kubo kukho umfanekiso obunzima kunye ne-hieroglyphics. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isango leSango liqukethe iincinci ezinzulu ezisetyenziselwa ukuzincama. Ekuqaleni, yonke i-arch yayihlanganiswe nekhadi legolide, namhlanje igcinwe kuphela kwiindawo ezahlukileyo.
Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba unkulunkulu weLanga lempucuko yeTiwanaku uboniswa esangweni, kwaye bona ngokwabo basebenziselwa ukulandelana kwexesha. Ngomnyaka we-1949, izazinzulu zagqitywa ukuba zikwazi ukucacisa le mibhalo, eyabonakala ibe yikhalenda yeenkwenkwezi.
Inyaniso enomdla malunga namasango elanga
Inyaniso emangalisa kukuba unyaka apha unemihla engama-290 kwaye ilingana neenyanga ezili-10, ezimbini zazo ziqule iintsuku ezingama-25, kunye nabanye abangama-24. Abaninzi bezinto zakudala bakholelwa ukuba le ikhalenda yenkqubela phambili. Ngokomnye uguqulelo, oku kulandelelaniswa kwiplanethi yaseVenus, kwaye enye isitshela ukuba kanye kwiplanethi yethu kwakukho olunye ixesha losuku ...
Kubalulekile ukuphawula enye into ebalulekileyo: kwiSango leSango eBolivia, phakathi kwamanani ahlukeneyo yezilwanyana, imifanekiso emininzi yesilwanyana sokuqala-isxodon - ifunyenwe. Esi sidalwa sasihlala eMzantsi Melika ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12 eyadlulayo.
Kule nto sinokugqiba ukuba isikhumbuzo sakhiwe ngelo xesha. Kuze kube ngoku, ezininzi zihlala ziyimfihlakalo, njengokuba abantu basendulo babekwazi ukuseka isakhiwo esinjalo samatye kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Ngo-2000, ubunzima bokubumba baseTiwanaku babandakanywa kwiLungelo leNgcaciso yeLizwe le-UNESCO, kuquka iSango leSango. Liwuphawu lomphumo ophakamileyo olwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali ye-pre-Columbian America.
Indlela yokufikelela kwisikhumbuzo?
Indawo yesiganeko isendaweni yakulo-dolophu yaseBolivia (umgama malunga ne-70 km). Unokufikelela eLa Paz ngemoto kwinqanaba lomgwaqo 1. Unokufumana ukusuka kwiLake Titicaca (15 km), uze ulandele imiqondiso. Isango leLanga likwinqanaba elide kakhulu lethempelini yeKalasasaya.
Le nto yenye yezona zikhumbuzo eziyimfihlelo kwiindawo eziphezulu zeTiwanaku, kwaye ithathwa njengeyona edumileyo. Ukuya kule memo yembali, ungalibali ukuthatha ikhamera yakho kunye nawe, kuba iifoto ezikufutshane neSango Lolonwabo ziya kukunandipha kwaye zikumangalise bonke ababaziyo ixesha elide emva kohambo.
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