- Idilesi: unxweme olusentshona-ntshona yoLwandle Olufile, uSirayeli;
- Iiyure zokusebenza: yonke imihla ukususela ngo-8: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00;
- Iwebhusayithi: parks.org.il;
- Ifowuni: +972 8-658-4207.
E- Israel, ezininzi iinkoliso ezinxulumene nomlando onzima wabantu bamaYuda, ukubandezeleka kwakhe ngonaphakade, ukuzinikela kwesizwe sakhe kunye nenkolelo engapheliyo kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa kukho enye indawo yenkolelo yokwenene, eyaba ngumqondiso ongabonakaliyo wobuqhawe kunye nesibindi esingazange senziwe ngamaYuda. Le yinqaba yaseMasaada. Iqhankqalazo kwiinqaba zaseJude naseLwandle Olufile , ukugcina imbali yamaxesha amandulo angcwele. Unyaka wonke amawaka eetyeleli ezivela kwihlabathi lonke liza apha ukuhlawula abanobukroti abangenabuthathaka, abade bawulungiselele umhlaba wabo, baze banandiphe imibono engaqinisekanga evulekileyo evela phezulu kwintaba.
Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo kunye namaqiniso anomdla
Yintoni ephawulekayo malunga nenqaba:
- indawo yenkqantosi yaseMasada - umzantsi-ntshona-ntshona-ntshona weLwandle Olufileyo (iSithili saseMzantsi);
- idolophu elisondeleyo yi- Arad (malunga ne-20 km);
- Ukususela ngo-2001, inqaba yayifakwe kwiLuhlu loLuntu leMveli ye-UNESCO;
- ubukhulu beplati yentlanzi kwi-summit yi-550 × 270 m;
- ubude - 450 m ngaphezu kweselwandle;
- Ubukhulu bodonga lwenqaba - 4 m;
- Igama lenkqantosi lavela kwigama elithi "tabled", elisetyenziswa ngesiAramaic lithetha "ukuqiniswa", "indawo ephephile";
- Ngowe-2005 enye yembewu yemihla efunyenwe ngexesha lokucima iMasada landa (namhlanje umthi usuvele ubude ubude malunga no-2.5 m);
- ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-80-umlawuli waseHollywood wathatha malunga noluhlu lwesithintelo sase-Massada (ininzi yefayili yenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwintaba kunye nantantya yayo);
- phambi kokuba amajoni e-IDF afakwe kwiinqaba zendawo yakudala ukuba anike isifungo, esagqitywa ngumgca ovela kwimbongo kaYitzhak Lamdan- "iMasada ngeke iphinde iphinde iphinde ibuye" (lo mcimbi ubanjelwa eLatrun).
Imbali yenkqantosi
Ookuqala ukunyuka intaba ephakamileyo ukusuka kunxweme loLwandle Olufileyo yi-Hasmoneans. Bakha apha uhlobo oluthile lwezakhiwo kwi-30s BC. e. Emva kwexesha elithile, uHerode Omkhulu waba namandla eJudiya, owayeyaziwayo ngeengcamango zakhe. Kwakusoloko kubonakala kuye ukuba amaqhinga ayejikeleza, kwaye umntu wayefuna ukumbulala. Ukukhusela intsapho yakhe, ukumkani wayala ukuba axhobise intaba entabeni, kwaye enze ngokutsha. Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa, indawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini yayifana ne-bunker. Kwakufana nedolophu encinane. Kwakukho iindonga eziliqela, iimpahla zokugcina iimpahla kunye nezixhobo, isistim sokubonelela ngokubanzi kwamanzi, ukuhlamba okutshisa kunye okubandayo, i-amphitheatre, isinagoge kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Ngokubaluleka kwimbali yenqaba yaseMassada yaqala ukuthetha kuphela kwisiqingatha sokuqala seXIX, xa umculi owaziwayo u-E. Robinson echazwe kwiindawo ezichithekileyo entabeni ecaleni kweLwandle Olufileyo iindawo eziseleyo zengqungquthela eyaziwayo echazwe nguJosephus kwincwadi yakhe edumile ethi "iMfazwe yamaYuda".
Ababhali beembali baqulunqa icebo eliqingqiweyo le nqaba, emva kokuba uphando luqhutywe ngokutsha kwezinto ezithile kunye nenkulungwane yeshumi leminyaka, ekugqibeleni, iinqaba zaseMassada zathatha indawo yazo yozuko phakathi kwezinto zakwaSirayeli. Ngowe-1971, bakha imoto yekhefu edibanisa inyawo kunye nentloko yentaba.
Yintoni ongayibona kwinqaba yaseMassada?
Impembelelo yamandulo yamandulo, eyasinda, nangona ifom yeqhekeza, iNtsika yaseNyakatho kaHerode Omkhulu . Sawakhela ngamathathu amathathu ngokukhawuleza kwidwala elityebileyo. Uhlu lobude obuphakathi kweepansi lwaluba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30. Ukungena kwebhotwe kwakuphezulu. Kwakukho namagumbi okulala, iholo lokungena, i-balcony eneempawu ezinokuzondla kunye namagumbi amaninzi kubakhonzi.
Umyinge ophakathi wawuyinkundla enkulu yokukhishwa kwamasiko. Umgangatho womhlaba ulungiselelwe iindwendwe kunye nokuphumla. UHerode wakha iholo elikhulu ngeentsika, amabhati kunye namachibi okubhukuda.
Ukongeza kwinqanaba leNyakatho, kwinqaba yaseMasada kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezincinci. Phakathi kwazo:
- Inqaba yasentshonalanga isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke entabeni (indawo engama-4000 km²), iziqwenga zomhlaba, iindawo zokuhlala kunye neofisi, izibhati zokuhlambela, iindawo zokumkela kunye neendibano zocweyo zigcinwa apha;
- inqaba yecala elingu-1400 metres ubude lijikeleze phantse zonke iinqaba ezikwintaba (isakhiwo esisodwa esingazange sihlanganiswe yiNkundla yaseMntla, kodwa ayifuni ukukhuselwa okongezelelweyo, kuba kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuba sisondele kuyo ngenxa yeendawo zayo ezicwangcisiweyo - edwaleni);
- iindawo zokugcina iimpahla - zisemgangathweni yenkqantosi yaseMassada, kukho malunga ne-15 (ngaphakathi ukutya kunye nezixhobo ezigcinwe ngaphakathi);
- ISinagogi ingomnye wabadala kunabo bonke amaSirayeli (ngaphambili bekholelwa ukuba amaYuda aqala ukwakha iisinagogi kuphela emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweTesibini YesiXeko, kodwa iindawo ezifunyenwe kwindawo yokuthandaza eMassada ziye zachasisa le ngcamango).
Kwakhona, ukuhamba kwiindawo zokubhubha zamandulo, uya kubona iindawo zokuhlala ezihlambulukileyo zemvah , imikhosi yokuqokelela amanzi emvula , i- quarry , i- dovecote kunye nezinye izibonelelo zasemakhaya, unokwenza iifoto ezimangalisayo zepanoramic ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba le-Massada, iJapan neLwandle Olufileyo.
I nkcukacha kubakhenkethi
- ukunyuka kungaba "kwiNyoka" okanye, usebenzisa i-funicular (itholakala kwicala lasempuma);
- ukuhamba kuhamba malunga nemizuzu engama-45-60;
- iindleko zohambo ngalunye entabeni: ngokuphakamisa okuzimeleyo, ithikithi elidala libiza i-$ 6, umntwana ubiza i-$ 3.5, inkonzo yesikhokelo + iindleko zomntu omdala ozibiza nge-$ 17.
- Iindleko zokuhamba kweqela kwintaba: ngokuphakanyiswa okuzimeleyo, ithikithi elidala libiza i-$ 5.5, i-$ 3 yabantwana, iinkonzo zesikhokelo + ze-funicular kubantu abadala zibiza i-$ 16, kuba abantwana be-$ 9;
- iindleko zohambo olubanzi kulo lonke i-Masada National Park (ngaphandle koxhaswa) - kubantu abadala 12.5, kubantwana-6;
- Ukutyelela inqaba yaseMassada nanini na unyaka: ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kuMatshi, umnyango uvulekile ukususela ngo-08: 00 ukuya ku-16: 00, ukususela ngo-Epreli ukuya kuSeptemba ukususela ngo-08: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00;
- I-funicular iyasebenza imihla ngemihla, ngaphandle kweLwesihlanu, kude kube ngu-16: 00 (ebusika kuze kube ngu-15: 00);
- kwinqanaba lentaba kukho indawo yolwazi, i-cafe, i-museum;
- Unokwenza igumbi kwigumbi elincinci (ngasempumalanga);
- ngeeholide nakwiiLwesihlanu, iidesksi zemali zivaliwe ngeyure enye ngaphambili;
- ukususela ngoMatshi kuya ku-Oktobha ngeLibini kunye neLwesine kwiMasta National Park, kuboniswe ukukhanya okuhlwa kunye nesandi esicacileyo, ngexesha apho iziganeko ziphinda ziphindwe, zizinikezele kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo zenkqantosi (ungasondela kwindawo kuphela evela e-Arad, ithikithi elidala libiza i-11.5 zamaRandi , abantwana - $ 9.5).
Ndingafika njani?
Inqaba yeMassada ingasondela kumacandelo amabini: ukusuka e- Arad (ecaleni kwendlela ye-3199) kwaye ukusuka kwicala lasempuma ecaleni kwendlela ekhokelela ekuphumeni kwi-Highway 90. Naphi na kukho imiqondiso, kwaye kwinqanaba lentaba kukho indawo enkulu yokupaka, ngoko ke ukuba uhamba umatshini, ayiyi kuba neengxaki.
Unokufumana ukhetho olungakumbi - ngezothutho zikawonkewonke ukusuka eYerusalem , Eilat , Neve Zohar, Ein Gedi. Ekuphumeni kwi-Highway 90 kukho izithuthi zebhasi (iibhasi No. 384, 421, 444 kunye ne-486). Kodwa khumbula ukuba ukuya eNtabeni iMasada kuyakufuneka uhambe ngaphezu kwe-2 km.