Ngubani onobuqili: amadoda okanye amabhinqa, uKatyya ukusuka kwidesiki yokuqala okanye uAnya wesibini, unjingalwazi wefilosofi okanye umfundi ocebile, i-akhawunti yomphathi okanye umhloli werhafu? Ukulinganiswa ngokubaluleka kuluntu, mhlawumbi, akayi kukhwaza. Ngethamsanqa, izazinzulu zanquma ukwenza lula le nkqubo kwaye zaza zendlela yokulinganisa ubuchule bengqondo bendoda, zichaze ngendlela yecefficient. Yiyiphi na loo manani athetha ntoni kunye nendlela yokuchonga inkalo yengqondo, ngoku siyifumana.
Ingqiqo ye-coefficient of intelligence
IQ kukubonakalisa ubuninzi bezinga leengqondo zomntu. Isiphumo sinikezelwa ngesiseko seenkcukacha zenkcukacha eziqokelelwa kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Ukujonga ubungqina bengqondo kufuneka umntu aphumelele uvavanyo oluthile. ImiSebenzi yenzelwe ukucacisa ikhono lomntu lokucinga inkqubo, kungekhona inqanaba le-erudition yakhe. Oko kukuthi, iziphumo zokuvavanya zibonisa ukulingana kwemathematika, izandi, izithuba kunye nezinye iintlobo zengqondo. Ukususela kwiqela ngalinye leminyaka kukho uhlobo lovavanyo, kungenzeka ukuba umfundi uya kuba yinqanaba elifanayo (okanye mhlawumbi ohlakaniphile) kunye nomfundi oyunivesithi.
Iimvavanyo ze-IQ
Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwekota IQ, ezininzi izikali kunye neemvavanyo ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze zichongiwe. Izinyathelo zabo zokuvavanywa kwezinto zobungcali zenziwa nguEysenck, Wexler, Amthauer, Raven noCattell. Uvavanyo oludumileyo luyi-Eysenck, kodwa iimvavanyo zabanye abalobi abane banelichani elichanekileyo. Le mi sebenzi ihluke kwiiparitha ezahlukeneyo, umlinganiso wokulungelelanisa, inani lemibuzo kunye nesifundo semvavanyo. Umzekelo, emva kokuvavanya uvavanyo luka-Eysenck, umntu unokufumana kuphela ingcamango jikelele yomntu wengqondo. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo, umzekelo, ukuba ukwazi ulingano lwengqondo yomlomo, uya kufuneka udlule uvavanyo olulodwa. Kodwa ukuvavanywa kuka-Amthauer sele kubandakanye iyunithi yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo yomlomo, kunye nemibuzo ekunceda ukuqonda izinga elipheleleyo lokuphuhliswa kwe-IQ, inqanaba lokungacaciswanga ngamazwi, kunye nokuxhomekeka komntu kumsebenzi othile. Ngenxa yesigxina sokugqibela, lo vavanyo luvame ukusetyenziswa ukufumana umgangatho wecandelo elisondeleyo kumntu.
Iphi na ipenki yeyona mininzi yeemvavanyo ze-IQ ezingafumaneka kwi-Intanethi ayiyazi. Kucacile kuphela ukuba abaqulunqwa ngabaqeqeshi kwaye abanako ukunika inkcazelo echanekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iziphumo zokuvavanya ziphezulu.
Iimvavanyo zokumisela i-IQ zenzelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuba iziphumo zifumaneke ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngoko, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lezinto zobungcali kufuneka libe ngamanqaku angama-100, oko kukuthi, malunga ne-50% yabemi baya kufumana malunga nenani elifanayo leengongoma zokuvavanya. Ukuba ngaba ngaphantsi kwama-70 anikwe amanqaku, oko kungabonakalisa ukulibala kwengqondo.
I-coefficient of mind intelligence
Ukuvavanya ukuchonga i-coefficient of intelligence ngokuqhelekileyo kubangele impendulo enkulu kuluntu, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwandiswe ngabantu bonke. Abaninzi bathi ukuba iimvavanyo ze-IQ zinokumisela kuphela umgangatho wokucinga, kodwa kungekhona umgangatho wengqondo. Kwaye emva kophando lwakutshanje, iingcali zaseYunivesithi yaseWestern Ontario zathi uvavanyo lwe-IQ lunokumisela kuphela ukukwazi ukulungisa izi mvavanyo. Oku kuqinisekiswa kukuba abantu abane-IQ eziphezulu abahlala beqhuba umsebenzi ophumelelayo,
Emva kokufunda le nkalo, izazinzulu ziye zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kukho ukuqonda kwengqondo evumela ukuveliswa kwemvakalelo engayi kunceda kuphela inkqubo yokucinga, kodwa iya kuvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuxhamla ngakumbi kubantu. Ngokubanzi, i-EQ (Intelligence Intelligence) inengqiqo.
Kodwa ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-EQ ayikho inkcazo epheleleyo yempumelelo, kodwa yodwa ingqiqo evumela ukuba kwandiswe ingqiqo yolwazi ngakumbi.