Kwintlalo yanamhlanje, akukho nanye umntwana akakwazi ukuyenza ngaphandle kwongamela kwi-polyclinic yabantwana. Kwaye, ukususela ekuzalweni, abantwana banika iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Oogqirha baye baqaphela ukuba kusetyenziswa ukuhlalutya ukuba imeko jikelele yomzimba wengane ingaxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo. Sikunikezela ukuba uzifundele ngemigangatho yeengcamango ezisisiseko abantwana abadlula kuzo.
Uvavanyo lwegazi kubantwana
Ngethuba lokuqala umntwana usinikela igazi kwiimvavanyo kwiinyanga ezi-3. Kwiintsana, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyona nto inolwazi, ngoko ke oogqirha bancomela ukuba bangayihoyi. Iinyanga ezi-3 ubudala zibhekwa njengento ebalulekileyo kubantwana. Kulo xesha kubekho umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo esinjenge-anemia. Uvavanyo lwegazi luyakwazi ukubona nayiphi na isongelo kwaye lulungise ngexesha. Kwiinyanga ezi-3 umntwana ufumana inoculations kwi-poliomyelitis ne-ASKD. Izitofu zenziwa kuphela ngabantwana abaphilileyo, kwaye kukuvumela ukuba ufumane ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele. Kukho izinga elilodwa lokuhlolwa kwegazi kubantwana. Iiparameters ezilandelayo zifundwa ngegazi:
- erythrocytes. Ukungabikho kwabo kubonisa i-anemia emntwaneni;
- zegazi ezimhlophe. Ukugqitha kwabo kubonisa ubukho benkqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni;
- thrombocytes. Ukungabi nako kwabo kuthetha ngokungahambi kakuhle kwegazi;
- i-eosinophil (uhlobo lwe-leukocyte). Ukugqithiselela kwabo kuthetha malunga nobukho beempethu emzimbeni kunye neengxaki zomzimba;
- hemoglobin. Ukungaphumeleli kubonisa i-anemia;
- ESR (izinga lokutywiliswa kwe-erythrocyte). Isantya esiphezulu sibonisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Ngezantsi itafile ibonisa imilinganiselo yexabiso legazi kubantwana.
| Isalathisi | Iinyanga ezintathu | - 1-6 ubudala | 6-12 ubudala |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-Erythrocytes (x10 12 / l) | 3.3-4.1 | 3.6-4.7 | 3.6-5 |
| I-Hemoglobin (g / l) | 109-134 | 109-139 | 109-144 |
| Iiplatelet (x10 9 / L) | 179-399 | 159-389 | 159-379 |
| ESR (mm / h) | 4-9 | 4-13 | 5-13 |
| I-Leukocytes (x10 9 / l) | 7-12 | 5-12 | 4.7-8.9 |
| Eosinophils (%) | 0.9-5.9 | 0.6-7.9 | 0.4-6.9 |
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zokuhlolwa kwegazi kubantwana basitshela ukuba yonke into iyahlelwa emzimbeni.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngentshukela
Igazi ngeeshukela linikwe kuphela kwisisu esingenanto. Ngokuncediswa kuloluhlalutyo, ukuphuhliswa kwexesha lokuqala kwe-diabetes mellitus kunqunywe. Umgangatho weswekile kwigazi kubantwana ngowama-3.3-5.5 mmol / l. Ukuba inani leswekile kwigazi kubantwana lihlukile kwizinto eziqhelekileyo, oku kungabonisa umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sikashukela. Kwiphina i-polyclinic, igazi le-ushukela linikezelwa ngaphandle, ngenxa yokuba ngaphambi kokuba unike uvavanyo lweeyure eziyi-8 awukwazi ukuyidla nokusela.
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwegazi
Uhlalutyo lwegazi lwegazi lukuvumela ukuba ufumane imeko malunga nazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi zomntwana. Imilinganiselo yezibonakaliso zoluhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo ezinobomi:
- iprotheni epheleleyo. Norm: 59-79 g / l. Emva kweminyaka engama-4, izinga leprotheni liyancitshiswa kwaye li: 60-70 g / l. Iqondo eliphantsi leprotheni libonisa ubukho beenkqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni womntwana, kunye nezifo zesibindi. Izinga eliphezulu leprotheni libonisa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi;
- urea. Isiqhelo se-urea siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuhlalutya. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-urea angabonisa isifo sesifo;
- bilirubin. Umxholo ophezulu we-bilirubin ngumqondiso we-jaundice. Kwakhona, i-bilirubin ephakamileyo ibonakala kwizifo zesibindi;
- calcium. Iqondo eliphantsi le-calcium libonisa i-rickets kunye ne-dysstrophy.
Uhlalutyo lwamathambo kubantwana
Ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo ebantwaneni kuyinkqubo enyanzelisayo ngaphambi kokungena enkulisa. Olu hlalutyo lwenziwe ukufumana iimbungu kunye nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamathumbu. Nantsi indlela imigangatho yokuhlalutya kwe-stool kubantwana ibonakala ngayo:
- enterococcus. Norm: 106-107;
- bifidobacteria. Norm: engekho ngaphantsi kwe-108;
- njengefungi. Norm: akukho ngaphezu kwe-104;
- inani elipheleleyo le-E. coli. Norm: 107-108;
- iintsholongwane ze-genus Proteus. Norm: engaphezu kwe-104.
Inani lezo zikhombisi ezinjengezilwanyana ezinama-pathogenic zeentsapho zamathumbu, i-hemolytic staphylococcus, i-hemolyzing coliform, kufuneka ibe yi-zero.
Urinalysis kubantwana
Uhlalutyo lomchamo kubantwana luvumela ukucacisa imeko jikelele yezintso kunye nezitho zenkqubo ye-genitourinary system. Ngethuba lokuhlaziywa komchamo, umbala we-urine, inani lama-leukocyte kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, inani leeshukela kunye nama-proteins, ukusabalalisa kunye nokuphendula komchamo kwi-pH zihlolwe. Ukuba zonke izikhombisi zokuhlengahlengiswa kubantwana ziqhelekile, kuthetha ukuba umntwana unempilo.
Kukho inani leemvavanyo abantwana abazenzayo: ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukucima, ukucoca umchamo kunye neengcambu, uhlalutyo lwe-hormone, kunye nabanye.
Iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zenziwa, njengommiselo, kubo bonke abantwana. Iimigaqo ezisemgangathweni zokuhlalutya kweekliniki kubantwana zivumela ukuba zichonge isifo ekuqaleni kwaye ngexesha lokukhusela ukuphuhliswa kwalo. Ukusebenzisa imigaqo yokuhlalutya kweekliniki kubantwana, kunokwenzeka ukucacisa imeko yezitho zangaphakathi zomntwana ngokuchanekileyo ngokunokwenzeka.