Ixesha elichazwa ligama elithi "ikhefu lokubeleka" liqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuvela komntwana. Eli xesha lenzelwe ukukhuliswa kwengane. Umama wenza oku rhoqo, kodwa iholide enjalo inokunikwa ubaba kunye nezihlobo ezisondeleyo.
Ikhefu lokuzalwa lokubeleka
Ngaphantsi kwekhefu lokubeleka kwabasetyhini baqonda ixesha apho bengaya emsebenzini, ngelixa befumana iinzuzo zemali. Enyanisweni, le ngcamango iqulethwe ezimbini:
- ikhefu lokubeletha;
- emva kwekhefu okanye umzali.
Ubude beli xesha buya kuguquka kwaye lulawulwa kumgangatho wezomthetho kwilizwe ngalinye. Imithetho ehlinzekwa ukubonelelwa kwekhefu leyo imiselwe kwiKhowudi yeMisebenzi kwaye iyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ukongezelela, inani leentsuku zeeholide ezinikezelwe lixhomekeke kwi:
- inani lokuzala izithelo;
- kwinkqubo yenkqubo yokunikezelwa.
Xa uhamba ngekhefu lokubeleka
Kwakudala ngaphambi kokuvela komntwana umama ozayo uqala ukuxhalaba malunga nombuzo weeveki eziliqela ukuya kwikhefu lokubeleka. Ukungabikho kwezimo zokuhlala ezingalunganga kunye nokusingqongileyo, umfazi uhamba kwiiveki ezingama-30 kwikhefu lokubeletha. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu uvula uluhlu lwabagulayo ithuba elide lokuziswa. Ubungakanani bekhefu lokubeleka lingama-140 iintsuku (eRashiya). Ukuba ukuzalwa kwenzeka ngeengxaki, le nto ibhinqa iinyanga ezili-16. Eli xesha linikwe ukuzaliswa kwemikhosi esetyenziswayo.
Ndiyakushiya kumyalelo ngaphambili?
Emva kokufunda, ngeliphi ixesha lokushiya ikhefu lokubeleka, oomama baya kucinga ukuba kukho ithuba lokushiya ngaphambili. Ixesha lokuphumla kwekhefu liqala ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-7. Nangona kunjalo, ibhinqa lingaya kumyalelo ngaphambili. Oku kufuna iimeko ezizodwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhulelwa okuninzi kwenzeka. Oomama abanomso, abathwele abancinci ababini okanye ngaphezulu, banikezelo lwekhefu lokubeletha ukususela ngeveki yama-28.
Oku kwandisa ubude bokuphumla emva kokuzalwa komntwana kwiintsuku ezili-110, endaweni ye-70. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhulelwa okuthe rhoqo kuboniswe kuphela kwinkqubo yokubonakala komntwana. Kule meko, unina unikezelwa iintsuku ezingama-54 ukuthembela ku-140. Ukubalwa kwekhefu lokubeleka kuqala ngomhla wokuvula kwephepha lokushiya lokugula.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ikhefu lokubeletha?
Unqwenela ukwandisa ixesha lokuba ngummiselo, oomama bahlala becinga ngombuzo onjalo. Ukwandiswa kwexesha kunokwenzeka kuphela ngemvume yomqeshi. Umfazi uvakalisa isicelo sakhe ngokubhaliweyo, ngendlela yesitatimende sokwandisa ubunkokheli bentlangano yakhe. Ukuba ivunyiwe, iya kukwazi ukwandisa umyalelo, kodwa inzuzo yemali ayifumanwanga.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ikhefu lokugula ekhefu lomzali alichaphazeli ubude beli xesha. Enyanisweni, ibhinqa ayisebenzi, ngoko ayikwazi ukunika iphepha lokukhubazeka kwexeshana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho enye inokwenzeka yokwandisa ikhefu lokubeleka. Emva kokupheliswa kwayo umfazi unelungelo lokucela ikhefu lentlalo ngaphandle kokuhlawula. Ubude balo abukwazi ukudlula iintsuku ezingama-30 zekhalenda.
Ngubani ongaya kummiselo esikhundleni somama?
Ikhefu lokubeletha lokunakekelwa kwabantwana linganikwa malunga naliphi na ilungu losapho. Imeko ebalulekileyo ingqesho. Ukunyuka kwezingane kumakhulu kunakho ukukhutshwa xa engakabikho umhlalaphantsi kwaye usebenza. Ukuze kwenziwe loo myalelo, umntu onikwe ikhefu ebhalisiweyo kufuneka afake isicelo esibhaliweyo kwindawo yomsebenzi ekuthiweyo, kunye nesitifiketi sokuzalwa somntwana . Ikhefu lokubeletha liyakhutshwa:
- uyise;
- utatomkhulu.
Konke kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo somama. Umqeshi akanakukuthintela nangayiphi na indlela, kodwa kufuneka aziswe kwangaphambili. Ubungakanani bekhefu lokunyamekela umntwana alitshintshi, kodwa ukuba umama ekuqaleni unakekele umntwana, ubaba, umzekelo, uya kufumana inxalenye engasetshenzisiweyo yekhefu. Isixa sesibonelelo asitshintshi kwaye sihlawulwa kwindawo yomsebenzi welungu lentsapho apho ikhefu lokubeletha emva kokubeletha likhutshwa.
Ikhefu lokunyamekela abantwana - iintlawulo
Kuyo yonke ixesha lekhefu lentlalo, inzuzo yomntwana ihlawulwa. Iintlawulo kwikhefu lokubeletha zenziwa ngumqeshi okanye xa umama engazange asebenze ade azalwe, isikhungo sokukhuselwa koluntu kubemi. Isibonelelo semali sinikezelwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo emiselweyo yomvuzo ngexesha lokubhaliswa kommiselo.
Inani lemali ehlawulwe ngokukhawuleza lixhomekeke kumvuzo oqhelekileyo umama awamkela ngethuba lonyaka wokugqibela wekhalenda. Ngelo xesha, umfazi kufuneka asebenze ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezi-3 kumqolo kwiinyanga ezili-12 zokugqibela ngaphambi kokuba ashiye ikhefu lokubeleka. Ubungakanani bemali eseleyo ekuzalweni komntwana kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumvuzo osemthethweni womama. Iphunyezwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa komntwana kunye nokubonelelwa kwamaphepha afanelekileyo.
Ikhefu lokunyamekela abantwana
Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe ikhefu ukuba unakekele umntwana wakho, umama wakho ufuna ukuqokelela iphakheji ethile yamaphepha. Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka anikezelwe ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana (ukubhaliswa kwekhefu lokubeleka) nangemva. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufumana ikhefu lokubeleka:
- Ikhefu lokugula , livuliwe kwi-30 (28) iveki yokukhulelwa;
- isatifikethi sokubhalisa ukukhulelwa kubononxibelelwano lwabasetyhini;
- isicelo esibhekiswe kumqeshi;
- ipaspoti;
- isatifiketi yengeniso yonyaka wekhalenda wokugqibela;
- inani le-akhawunti yebhanki leyo iza kuhanjiswa ngayo imali.
Xa ubhalisa ikhefu kunye nesibonelelo semali sokunakekelwa komntwana kumqeshi, umama kufuneka anikezele:
- uxwebhu olubonisa ubungqina (ipasipoti, imvume yokuhlala);
- ikopi kunye nenqobo yesatifikethi sokuzalwa komntwana;
- sicelo;
- ikhadi lebhanki okanye inombolo ye-akhawunti.
Isicelo sesampula sekhefu lokubeletha
Isicelo sokuphela kwekhefu lokubeleka asinayo ifom ecacileyo yokubhala. Yenziwe ngesandla kwiphepha eliqhelekileyo lephepha - akukho fomu efunekayo. Ngokwakhe isakhiwo asihlukanga kwisenzo esiqhelekileyo sokumemezela kwaye sinesakhiwo esifanelekileyo:
- Ekhoneni elingenene eliphezulu, i "cap" izaliswe: igama elipheleleyo lombutho, igama, igama lokuqala kunye negama lenkcazelo yomlawuli, ngezantsi - ifani kunye neyokuqala, isithuba somenzi wesicelo.
- Ngezantsi libhalwa igama elithi "isitatimende".
- Emva koko kuza isihloko esibalulekileyo solu xwebhu, kwifom engathandabuzekiyo: isicelo sekhefu, ixesha elithile, isicelo se-cash benefit.
- Ezi zilandelayo zidweliswe onke amaxwebhu afakwe (uluhlu lwangaphambili lwoluhlu olugulayo olukhutshwe liziko lezonyango kunye nesatifikethi sokuqala esabhalwa kwiintlanganiso zokubhinqa kwabasetyhini, okuqinisekisa ubungqina bokukhulelwa).
- Kwinqanaba elingezantsi lasekunene umenzi wesicelo ubeka umhla wokufakela uxwebhu, umqondiso wakhe.
Ikhefu lokunyamekela abantwana - amava
Amava ekuphumeni kwekhefu akuphazamiseki kwaye kumazwe amaninzi acingelwa xa ehlala phantsi. Uyilungu lexesha le-inshorensi, - ngelo xesha igalelo kulondolozo lwentlalo liyancitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izithintelo kwinani leminyaka elihlanganiswe kulobu bungakanani benkonzo. Ibhinqa lonke ixesha lingenalo iminyaka engama-6 lwamava anjalo - unyaka omnye nesiqingatha kubantwana abane (ngokufanelekileyo kwi-Russian Federation). Kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona apha ngeli xesha aliswanga.
Ukuxothwa kwikhefu lomzali
Ngokutsho komthetho, ukuxothwa kwintokazi ekuphumeni kwekhefu ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe akunakwenzeka. Kuphela ixesha lokunyamekela umntwana, unina ugcina indawo yomsebenzi, ngoko nangoko emva kokuphela kommiselo, unokuqalisa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukushiya ikhefu lokubeletha akuthethi ukuba akukho nto yokuqalisa umsebenzi. Umama ngamnye unelungelo nanini na ukurhoxisa kumyalelo, uxwayise umqeshi malunga nalo.
Phuma kwikhefu lokunakekela abantwana
Ikhefu lokunyamekela umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka emi-3 inokuphazamiseka nanini na ixesha kwi-initiative yoomama. Ngelo xesha, umqeshi akakwazi ukuthintela umsebenzi ukuba angene emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukungqubuzana okungenakulungelelaniswa nabasemagunyeni, kubalulekile ukuba uvumelane kwangaphambili kunye nexesha apho uya kushiya ikhefu lokubeletha, emva kokulumkisa ubuncinane inyanga 1.
Ibhinqa kufuneka ibhale inkcazo apho ibonisa ukuba ufuna ukuphula umthetho kwaye ubuyele kwimisebenzi yakhe yomsebenzi. Abasemagunyeni bavakalisa imvume yabo ngale ndlela elandelayo: i-visa ibhaliwe kwingxelo yomfazi, ebonisa ukuba le ntokazi inokuya emsebenzini. Abasebenzi, ngokubhekiselele kwingxelo, benza umyalelo ofanelekileyo kwiinguqu ezifunekayo.