Igama elithi "i-cell stem" kwiyeza libhekisela kwizakhiwo zamaselula ezingafanga, ezingafani. Banokwazi ukuzihlaziya, ukwahlukana nge-mitosis kunye nokuguqulwa kwiiseli zamanye amalungu kunye nezicubu, zibuyisele ngokupheleleyo.
Kutheni ugcina igazi lomsindo?
Ukuva malunga neendlela zokonyango ngama-stem cells, izigulane zihlala zizinomdla kwiyiphi intambo yegazi kunye nokuba kutheni kuphela. Ixabiso le nxalenye yezinto eziphilayo zisekwimeko yokuba ekubunjweni kwayo iqukethe iiseli ezinamaqondo asebenzayo, ezintle kunyango. La maseli egazi asetyenziswa kwi-transplantology kunye nokunyangwa kwezifo ezifana:
- leukemia ;
- izifo ezikhuselekileyo zokuzivikela;
- izifo zesistim se-musculoskelet;
- isifo sikashukela.
Unyango lwamalungu kunye nama-stem cells
Unyango lwe-arthrosis kunye nama-stem cells alunceda nje kuphela ukulahla iimpawu eziphambili zesifo, kodwa kwakhona zibuyisela izicubu zethambo. Iiseli zesitembu ziboniswa ukuba zisebenze kakuhle kunyango lwezifo ezizimele. Ngenxa yokuphulwa okunjalo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisoloko sihlasela amaqela, sisitshabalalisa izicubu zomzimba. Amachiza asetyenziswe kuphela ngexesha elinciphisa iinkqubo ezivuthayo, ukunciphisa ubunzima beentlungu.
Ukungafani kokusetyenziswa kweeseli ezinamayeza ekunyangeni izifo ezidibeneyo kukuba:
- ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha kwezicubu ezidibeneyo (ukungena emzimbeni, iiseli zahlula, ukufaka endaweni ewonakaliswe yimizimba ye-cartilaginous tissu);
- ukuvuselelwa kwe-immune system, ukukhusela umzimba ekuhlaselweni kwe-immune;
- ukuphucula i-trophism ye-tissue kunye nokumiselwa kwe-metabolism ;
- ukunyusa ama-cytokines - izinto ezichasayo;
- izicubu ze-trophic kunye nokumiselwa kwe-metabolism.
Unyango kunye neeseli zesifo seswekile
Isifo sikashukela sisichaza kwizifo ezineengxaki zemethambo. Unyango kunye neeseli ezinamahlumela ziphucula kakhulu umfanekiso wezinto ezenzekayo. Kule meko, izakhiwo zamaselula ezihlanganiswa ngumzimba wesigulane zisetyenziswa. Balwela imbangela yesifo sikashukela ngokunciphisa i-hyperglycemia. Njengoko kuboniswe ukuhlolwa kweekliniki, le ndlela iphumelele ekulwa nxamnye ne-hypoglycemia - kunciphisa iziganeko ze- hypoglycemic coma , ukutshatyalaliswa.
Leyo ndlela ye-stem yonyango echaphazelekayo ibandakanya ukufakwa kwayo emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa umzobo we-pancreatic ngoxa uncedwa yincentter. Ukuvuna kwangaphambili i-stem impahla ukusuka kwisigulane sesigulane sesigulane ngenaliti encinci phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Inkqubo ihlala imizuzu engama-30. Iiseli eziqokelelwayo zithunyelwa kwibhoratri, apho umgangatho weeseli uzimisele, ukuvavanya nokubala. Kuphela emva koko, iiseli ze-stem zilungele ukungeniswa emzimbeni. Indawo yokulawula ikhethwe ngabanye (intravenously, imisipha yomlenze, umzobo we-pancreatic).
I-Stem Cell Treatment for Stroke
I-stroke ibhekisela kwizifo ezihamba kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-cerebral. Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zokukhubazeka azifumani i-oxygen eyaneleyo, ekhokelela kwimiphumo engapheliyo xa kungabikho unyango olufanelekileyo. Injongo yonyango ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo kweendawo eziwonakaliswe zicubu zengqondo. Iziphumo zokuqala ezilungileyo ziyakubonwa emva kweenyanga ezi-3 emva kokufakwa kweeseli ezinamafutha.
Ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa zombini iisensi ze-stem kwi-intambo yegazi, kunye nalawo athatyathwa kwithambo le-aliac yesigulane ngokwakhe. Ekuqaleni kuyadingeka ukuqhuba i-anesthesia yendawo. Isampula se-bone yomnatha eqokelelwe ithunyelwa kwi-laboratory, apho iqhutyelwa khona ngokucophelela-ukuhlukaniswa kweeseli ezinamabala. Kule meko, iisampuli azidibana nomoya ukuphepha ukhuseleko.
Ukuqaliswa kweendlela ezininzi ezenza iziphumo zifezekiswe ngokugqithisa. Izakhiwo zamaseli zijojowe ngqo kwi-cerebrospinal fluid ezungeze intambo yomthambo. Indawo yangaphambili ye-anesthesia yejoyi. Inkqubo ithatha imizuzu engama-30. Kwiiyure ezingama-3-4 isigulane singaphantsi kolawulo lwagqirha, aze abuyele ekhaya.
Unyango kunye neeseli zesifo somhlaza
Intambo ye-umbilical igazi iye yazibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo ekunyangeni kwezifo ze-oncological. Edibeneyo kwiintsholongwane zayo ezincinci iiseli zithathwa ngokukhawuleza ekubuyiselweni kweengxenye ezilahlekileyo zezitho ngokuhlukana ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwahlukana. Isiphumo asinalo isigaba esisodwa-isiphumo sokunyanga singabonakaliswa emva kweenyanga ezi-1-2. Ngendlela efanayo, ikhosi ephambili yokwelapha ijoliswe ekukhuseleni ukusabalaliswa kweengcamango zesisu.
Unyango kunye nama cell stem atrophy ye-optic nererve
Ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezinamafutha e-ophthalmology kuquka ukubuyiswa kweendawo ezingekho kwi-retina eyonakalisiweyo yeso, kodwa kwakhona ukubuyiswa komsebenzi we-nertic optic. Iiseli ezifakwe ngokukhawuleza ziya kwindawo yokulimala, zithengiswa kwiisishu, zahlula kwaye zitshintshela zibe zakhiwo zeeseli ezifanelekileyo zolu hlobo olufunekayo. Inkqubo yokuqaliswa kweeseli ze-stem yenziwa ngqo kwijiso. Ukuphathwa okunjalo kungasetyenziselwa ezinye izifo zenkqubo yembono:
- i-taperotorhinal dystrophy;
- astigmatism ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-taperetinal.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamaStem eStem
Ekuqaleni, ukufakelwa kweseli yesitshixo kwenzelwe kuphela ngenjongo yokuvuselelwa. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-revitalization (ukusuka kwisiLatini - ukubuyela ebomini) kwaye iquka ukubuyiswa komonakalo wokuqala kumalungu kunye nezicubu ngenxa yenguqu enxulumene neminyaka. Ingcamango ephambili yokubangela ukuguga komzimba namhlanje ithathwa njengenyuka kwidibanti yeeseli ezinamahloni kunye nokunciphisa ngokufanayo ngexesha labo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo zokuguga emzimbeni ziqaliswe kwiminyaka engama-30. Kule meko, umzimba wesifazane, ngokweengcali zenzululwazi yaseMelika, uhlala unempilo ephezulu kwiminyaka engama-44, kunye namadoda - ukuya kuma-40. Ukutshintshwa kwezisele ze-stem kunciphisa kakhulu izinga leenkqubo eziwonakalisa emzimbeni. Inani leenkqubo kunye nomthamo wezinto ezifakwe kwiselula zikhethwe ngabanye. Ukuphuculwa, iiseli ezigunyazayo, oko kukuthi, iiseli zesigulane, zifanelekile.
Ukuqokelela kunye nokugcinwa kwegazi lomthambo
Umfazi ngamnye osebenzayo unokugqiba isivumelwano sokuqala kunye nekliniki ukuqokelela kunye nokugcinwa kwegazi ukusuka kwintambo. Ukulondolozwa kwentambo yegazi kuqhutyelwa kwiimeko zeebhanki ezizodwa - amaziko ezonyango anika iinkonzo ezizodwa. Ubude bexesha lokugcina libekwe ngumguli ngokwakhe, ngoko le nkonzo ihlawulwa kwaye ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiinqwenela zabaxhasi.
Isetyampuli yegazi
Ukukhetha iiseli ze-blood stem, izinto zithathwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umntwana avele ekukhanyeni. Le yindlela kuphela yokuzifumana. Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, umbelethisi uyadlula intambo yomlomo, emva koko inaliti ifakwe kwenye yeemvini zakhe kunye negazi liqokelelwa kwisikhwama esikhethekileyo. Inkqubo ayihlali ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-3 kwaye ayiyiyo intlungu enyantoni kunye nonina.
Ucingo alufunanga i-aneshesia kwaye lwenziwa ngaphandle kokuqhagamshelana nomntwana. Inkqubo ikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Ngethuba elifanayo, isampuli yegazi yentambo inokwenziwa kokubili kokubeletha kwendalo kunye nezo zenziwa ngecandelo elithintekayo. Isimo esisinyanzelo yinkcazo yokuqala yomnqweno womama ngokubhaliweyo.
Intambo yokugcina igazi
Ukuqhwaba kwegazi elimnyama kukuvumela ukugcina i-biomaterial ixesha elide. Ibhubhoratri ithola iphakheji engummiselo oyinyumba emva kokusampula, equlethe igazi ngokwayo kunye nequmrhu elithintela ukuxubusha kwayo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezinobungozi, abancedisi bebhoratri bakhupha i-stem cell concentrate nge centrifugation. Intsalela - iplasma - ixhomekeke kwizifundo ezininzi kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwintambo yebhanki yegazi. Isampuli ihlolwe ngoku:
- AIDS;
- i hepatitis;
- cytomegalovirus ;
- i-syphilis.
I-cryoprotectant yongezwa kwisampuli ekufuneka ihlolwe ngayo-into ekhusela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli phantsi kwefuthe lokushisa okuphantsi. Isampula nganye inikezelwa ngenani elikhethekileyo, emva koko lifakwa kwibhanki. Isitoreji senziwa kwitrojeni yamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa kwama-degrees -196. Le yile ibhanki yamaseli esundu. I-Specializing in the storage of blood strings, amaziko anamava ekugcineni izinto eziyiminyaka engama-20.
Iibhanki zamaseli ezinqabileyo
I-stem cell bank ye-strings blood line kwilizwe le-CIS ikhona ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo zonke izixeko ezinkulu. Iimeko zokugcina kwiziko ngalinye zingahluka, ngoko kufuneka uqhagamshelane kuqala ngolwazi olungaphezulu. Isivumelwano sigqitywe nesigulane, esichaza indleko zokubonelela iinkonzo, ixesha lokugcina. Iinkonzo ezifanayo zibonelelwa:
1. KwiRiphabhliki yaseBelarus:
- 9 Isibhedlele seKlinikhi yeSixeko, iMinsk;
- I-GU yeRiphablikhi yeSayensi yeSizwe kunye neZiko elisebenzayo lwe-Oncology yabantwana, i-Hematology kunye ne-Immunology, iMinsk.
ERashiya:
- Gemabank, eMoscow;
- Flora-Med, eMoscow;
- I-Povolzhsky Bank yeeHematopoietic Iiseli, iSamara;
- LLC "iTrans-Technologies", iSt. Petersburg.
3. EUkraine:
- Ibhanki yaseUkraine yeeseli ezixakekileyo, eKiev.
Kubiza kangakanani ukugcina ii-cell stem kwi-cord umbilical?
Unqwenela ukulondoloza iiseli ezixabisekileyo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango olongezelelweyo, isigulane sisoloko sinomdla kwizinto zokugcina iindleko zegazi. Ixabiso lihlala liguquka, ngelixa bebekwe kwizinga elilandelayo:
- KwiRussian Federation: ucingo - $ 500-700, ukugcinwa - $ 150-200 ngonyaka 1.
- E-Ukraine: ucingo - $ 450-600, ukugcinwa - $ 100-200 ngonyaka.
- EBelarus: isivuno se-stem cell is $ 500-600, ukugcinwa kwee-100-150 $ ngonyaka.
Iintlobo zeSitembu - Iinkonzo kunye neNgqungquthela
Unyaka wonke, abantu abafuna ukufaka i-biomaterials baya kukhula. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ngcamango engaqondakaliyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezi zakhiwo. Iiseli zomntu ze-stem ziyakwazi ukulungisa izicubu ezinobungozi kunye nezitho. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwakhona ingakhokelela ekukhuleni okuqinileyo, okwandisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwesisu. Ukunikezelwa kwesi sici, phakathi kwezinto ezintle zokusetyenziswa kweeseli ezinamabala:
- ithuba lokubuyisela isakhiwo nemisebenzi yelichaphazelekayo;
- Inkqubo ngokukhawuleza yokuvuselelwa kwezicubu;
- unyango lwezifo ze-oncological.
Imiba engalunganga ekusebenziseni iisensi ze-stem yile:
- Iindleko eziphezulu zokuqokelela kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto;
- ukungabikho kwesiphumo esiqinisekileyo kwisicelo;
- ukwanda komngcipheko wokuvelisa izicubu.