Xa ukhula imifuno, iimpompo zokunisela umyezo zihlala zibalulekile. Ungathenga indawo enomhlaba ocebileyo, imbewu enobungakanani, ikhule izityalo ezilungileyo, kodwa ngokuza kwemvula yomlambo iya kuba yintlango. Kuphela inkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamanzi ehlangeneyo iya kusindisa isivuno, ukugcina umnini wokunkcenkceshela kweebhedi ngesandla.
Iipompo zokunkcenkceshela kwintsimi, ziyintoni na?
Izixhobo zokunisela umyezo wendawo ngoku sele kulula ukuyifumana, kukho iipompu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezahlukileyo kwiiparitha zokupakisha okanye kumandla. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwizibonakaliso eziliqela - uhlobo lomthombo wamanzi, umlinganiselo wokungcola kwetsholongwane esebenzayo, ubunzulu bomthombo, umgama ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kulala, ixesha lomsebenzi. Ipompo yamanzi ekhethiweyo ngokungalunganga yokunisela umyezo uya kuphelelwa kamsinya okanye yenze intloko efunekayo.
Indlela yokukhetha iimpompo zokunisela umyezo:
- Ipharamitha yokuqala yepompo yoluphi na uhlobo uhlobo (Q) lomatshini ekuthengwa ngalo. Sithatha indawo yendawo yokulala kwaye siyandisa ngokubaluleka kwamanzi ukuya kwi-1 m 2 , ukufumana inani elipheleleyo lemithombo yomyezo kwimiyezo yethu. Ngokomzekelo, kukho icebo le-100 m 2 , sifuna ukuthululela 1 m 2 ukuya ku-5 l, ukwenza yonke umsebenzi ngeyure. Ngezibalo ezilula sifumana umkhiqizo oyifunayo wepom ukuthambisa umyezo: 100x5 = 500 l / h.
- I-parameter ebalulekileyo ixinzelelo. Umzekelo, ubunzulu bomthombo ngowama-10 m kwaye umgama ukuya kumbhede ngowama-50 m. Ubude obude bomgca ophezulu ngowama-60 m, phinda nge-0.2 uze ufumane isaphulelo se-m mitha-12. ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpompo zokunisela umyezo wamanzi ngaphandle kokugqithisa. Intloko ephezulu kumzekelo wethu: 10 + 22 = 32 m. Sikhetha isixhobo, esinesalathisi sepaspoti siphezulu kunokuba sibalwa. Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba imipompo iyakwazi ukubonelela ngamanzi amaxesha angaphezu kwe-10 ukusuka ekujuleni komthombo.
Iipompu ezingenakunceda ukuthambisa umyezo
Ukukhethwa kwipompo yokuhlala ehlobo kunye negadi yekhitshini akuhlali kuxhomekeke kwiminqweno yethu, ngokuqhelekileyo endaweni yeepompo eziphathekayo ezifunekayo kufuneka sisebenzise izixhobo ezinzulu. Iipompu ezingenakuncipha zokunisela umyezo ziduduza, i-centrifugal kwaye zijonge izixhobo ezinzulu ezisebenza phantsi kwamanzi. Kunokwenzeka ukuba bafunde njengemipompo yamanzi kunye nezindlu ezingenamanzi ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwe ngqo kwiqula lonke ixesha, ebusika xa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunqunyulwa inkqubo iyachithwa.
Ipom ye-centrifugal yokunisela umyezo
Ukunikezelwa kwimihla ngemihla, iipompofu zokunkcenkceshela zokunkcenkceshela amanzi ngoncedo lwamandla okuphakamisa owenziwe ngokujikeleza iindawo. Ziyi-surface kunye ne-borehole, uhlobo olunqamlekileyo noluthile. Iimodeli zeMultistage zinamandla kwaye zenza uxinzelelo oluninzi. Izixhobo ze-Centrifugal ziyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ziyabiza kunezikhuphiswano, zisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kumanzi ahlambulukileyo ukusuka emthonjeni, kodwa azixhomekeli umbane kunye nobukho beengqungquthela ezingcolileyo. Iinqununu ezizinzileyo zenziwe ngeensimbi zensimbi okanye insimbi engenasici.
Phampa iipompo zokunisela umyezo
Phampu iipompo zegadi kwaye i-dacha ibhekisele kwizixhobo ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza emithonjeni. Amanzi awanikezwa ngabafaki, kodwa ngeendlela zokuguqula. Ezi zixhobo zingabizi ngaphaya kwamapompo, ziyi-design elula, ziyakwazi ukusebenza kunye namanzi angcolileyo, anokungahlambulukanga. U-Augers unokudala uxinzelelo oluhle kwimveliso engaphantsi, ngoko ke afanelekileyo kwimithombo ephantsi.
Ukumisela umpu wokunisela umyezo
Izihlanganisi zolu hlobo zidume ngokulula kwazo zokwakha, ubungakanani beenkomfa kunye nexabiso lentando yeninzi. Kwiindawo ezincinci, iimpompo zokunkcenkcezela zokunkcenkceshela umyezo zinika intloko yamanzi, ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ebekwe ngumsebenzisi. Ngalo lonke ulungelo olungathandabuzekiyo lwezixhobo, kukho iingxaki ezingundoqo:
- Impompo yokuguqula idala ingxolo eninzi,
- abanalo iifayile zabo,
- Ukutshukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza kukhokelela ekuphumuleni ngokukhawuleza kweebhentshi zokubamba,
- Ezi zixhobo azifanelekanga kumthombo wemithombo ngobunzulu obukhulu,
- Ukubanjelwa kwegalelo kuncedisa ekuthungeni kweminye imithombo kwimithombo yomhlaba.
Ipompo ye-petroli yokunisela umyezo
Ukongezelela kumadivayisi kagesi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ipompoli yepetroli isetyenziselwa ukunkcenkceshela umyezo ovela emlanjeni okanye kwizixhobo ezine-diesel drive. Olu hlobo lwezixhobo lufanelekile kubalimi, abanomthombo okanye umthombo omeleyo kude nomthombo wombane. Iipompu ze-Diesel zinamandla kwaye zitshisa imali encinci yombane, kodwa abakhuphiswano babo baneenzuzo ezibalulekileyo. Ipompoli ye-petroli iya kuhlala ihambelana ngakumbi, ilula, ingabizi ukulungisa nokuthenga.
Yiyiphi ipompo ilungele ukuthambisa umyezo?
Ukunyamekela izityalo, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi ukusuka emlanjeni, igumbi elizele igumbi ngaphambili. Utywala oluneqondo lokushisa olungaphantsi kwimeko engqongileyo, lubangela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo kunye nokufa kweengcambu zepheripher. Ngaphambi kokuthenga izixhobo kuyiminqweno ukuqonda kakuhle umbuzo wokuba umpompo ukhetha ukuthambisa umyezo. Ukusebenza nemibhobho, emithonjeni, izixhobo zendalo kunye nemvelo, kakuhle, ziyahlukahluka kwezinye izinto.
Iipompo zokunisela umyezo kumbhobho
Xa kunikwa amandla amakhulu, kunokukhetha iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba unomthombo wamanzi osondeleyo, ngoko sizalisa imiphongolo yokuqala ukusuka emthonjeni kunye nayiphina ipompo ephantsi, ukuvumela ukuba amanzi ahlale kwaye atshise elangeni. Emva koko, sisebenzisa ipompo yomhlaba kwigadi , ukupompoza amanzi ngaphandle kombhobho ngokusebenzisa ipayipi okanye usebenzisa inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokunikezela kwamanzi. Kwimeko xa umthombo uphelelwe kude nomyezo, umgqomo kufuneka uzaliswe ngetanki elisebenzayo usebenzisa isithuthi kwisigaba esiphakathi.
Amachibi ekuthambisa umyezo kwiponti
Ukusuka kwisibindi okanye umlambo osondeleyo, amanzi anokuphefumulwa ngokulula ngamapompu angaphayayo ngokuphonsa i-hose yokutsala kwiqula. Inendima ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngobungakanani bendalo. Ngobuninzi bezinto ezingcolileyo, isihlungi asikwazi kugwenywa, ngaphandle koko izidaka zodaka zingabhasela umbhobho okanye izingxenye zangaphakathi zezixhobo. Kwimibuzo yendlela yokukhetha umpompo wokunisela umyezo, imikhosi ihlala ikhetha ukhetho lwamanzi. Bayakwazi ukusebenza kunye namaqhekeza amaqhekeza kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingenanto ezingafihlakeleyo, ngokunyamekela imithwalo enzima phantsi kweemeko ezimbi.
Iipompo zokunisela umyezo kwiqula
Iipompo ezifanelekileyo zokunisela umyezo zikhethwa ngokuqwalasela ubunzulu bomthombo. Kuphakame ukunyuka kwe-10 m, umpompo womhlaba okanye isitishi sokumatshini esisigxina esifakwe ngaphakathi emgodini unokufakwa. Ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba aphantsi kobunzulu obukhulu, ngoko awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhethiweyo ezingabonakaliyo. Amaxabiso angabizi asebenze ukuya kwi-40 m, iipompo zasemaphandleni ezinamandla kunakho ukuphakamisa amanzi ukusuka ku-300 m ubude. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuyibeka ngaphandle kwe-1 m ukusuka ngasezantsi, ukuze isanti kunye nodongwe zingabambeli xa zisuswe.