Njengoko bathetha, akukho mncinci ngaphandle kokulungileyo. Ngokuchanekileyo kwimbali yayo yokunyamezela ukuba i- Estonia inelungelo elinjalo lelifa neenkcubeko. Isizwe esincinci sinendawo ehlala yinto ehlala "yinto enhle kakhulu" kubamelwane abanomdla kunye nabakrakra. Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ama-Estonia ase-Estoni, amaJamani, amaCrafers, amaDanes, abarhwebi beLanseatic League, amaKonta eMyalelo we-Livonian kunye nobukhosi baseRashiya bamisela amandla kumazwe ase-Estonia. Yingakho iinqaba zange-medieval zase-Estonia zimelelwa kwiintlobo ezintle.
Iinqaba ezinkulu kunye neenqaba eziphakamileyo zakhiwe apha ngamakhonto kunye nobabhishophu, ukwenzela ukuqinisa isikhundla sabo esiphambili kweli lizwe kwaye bazikhusele ngokumelene nabanye abahlaseli bamandla. Kanye kunye nokufakelwa kwezemikhosi ezempi kwiprogram yase-Estonia, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha, ezakhiwe ngabanini bezityebi nabarhwebi. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuba ngumnini wegumbi elihle kakhulu, ukuyila kunye nokuhlobisa i-estate kubangele abakhi belizwe abangaphandle kunye nabahlobiso abadumileyo. Siyabulela kubukrakra nangento engenamdla yabantu abahlala bezityebi, ngoku sele sinethuba lokubonga ubuhle obuqhelekileyo beendonga zamandulo.
Namhlanje e-Estonia kunamaqonga angama-60 ephakathi, kunye namanori angaphezu kwe-1000 kunye namanori (izindlu ezisezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezakhiwe kwi-XIX leminyaka, edlalwa njengamaqonga angamaqhawe). Ndiyavuma, kuninzi kwilizwe elincinci lendawo engama-45 000 km².
Iinqaba zase-Estonia
Iinqaba ezakhiwe yiNkosana ye-Livonian Order, kwintsimi yase-Estonia. Bahluke ngobukhulu, ubugcisa, iimpawu zoyilo kunye neqondo lokhuseleko.
Sikunikezela ukhetho lweenqaba ezidumeleyo ezidumileyo:
- I-Viljandi Castle - ibe yinqaba enkulu kunazo zonke kunye neyona ndawo inamandla ye-Order, yachithwa ngexesha leMfazwe yaseSolomon-iSweden kwaye namhlanje imelwe kuphela kwiindawo zokubhujiswa kwamandulo;
- I-Herman Castle (iNarva) yinto yokuqala yokwazisa lo hlobo, eyakhiwa ekuqaleni kweli-14 leminyaka, emva kokulimala kwinqaba le nqaba, ngoku kukho imyuziyam esebenzayo, iindibano zocweyo kwimimandla yayo, imiboniso, imiboniso, imikhosi kunye neentlanganiso zihlala zigcinwe apha ;
- Inqaba yeKarksi - enye inqaba yeLibonon, "engahlali" kwixesha lethu, kufuphi nedolophu encinane yaseKarksi-Nui kuphela iindawo zokubhubha kwelo xesha elide liyaziwayo;
- I-Castle Paide - yabuyiselwa ngo-1993, kwi-tower-dungeon kukho indawo yokubona, ngaphakathi kwinqaba inemyuziyam kunye ne-cafe yabakhenkethi;
- I-Põltsamaa Castle inye yezona ndawo zintle zakwa-Estonia ezinqabileyo, zibuyiselwe ngokukhawuleza, kukho iindibano zokusebenzela zobugcisa, iifriji zezobugcisa, iivenkile, iivenkile, iimyuziyam ezincinci (inkcazelo, ukutya kwesizwe) kwintsimi, kwaye kukho iindawo zokunwa kwewayini apho kubanjwa khona ;
- I-Rakvere Castle iyona yeyona nto ikhangeleka kakhulu kubakhenkethi (kukho indawo yokuncedisa inqabileyo engabonakaliyo apho unokutyelela egumbini lokuhlushwa, igumbi lezempahla eliphakathi, i-chapel, izitsha zewayini, i-rectory 'refectory, smithy kunye nebala elikhethekileyo lokudubula).
- Izixhobo zenkqantosi - "omncinci" kuwo onke amaQonga eNkundla, eyakhiwe ekupheleni komgaqo we-Livonian kwi-bhanki ephakamileyo, yayijoliswe ekuhlaseleni ukuhlaselwa kwama-pirate, kwakungekho phantsi kokubuyiselwa emva kokutshatyalaliswa;
- I-Toompea Castle i- castle eyaziwa kakhulu e- Estonia , ephakathi kweTallinn , apho iphalamende yaseRiphabhlikhi yase-Estonia ihlala khona. Kwii-tower ezi-26 zenkqantosi, ezi-18 zigcinwa (ezininzi zazo zivulelekile kwiindwendwe, kukho iindibano zokubonisa, iikhofu, izitolo zokukhumbula.
Inqaba yase-Orden yase-Estonia ebalazweni ibhalwe ngamacangca amnyama. Ukunikezelwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu leempembelelo kweso sikhokelo kwixesha elidlulileyo, akumangalisi ukuba iinqaba zaseLibonian ziyahlakazeka phantse kulo lonke elase-Estonia.
Iipropopal Castles
Ukuba ukhangele iifoto zeenkampu zase-Estonia ezakwa-Ezel-Wicks kunye no-bhishopu waseDorpatian, kukho ukungafani okwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziqhathaniswa neenqaba zoLungiso. Bonke babesakuba ngamaxesha ohlala kwiibhishophu eziphezulu, ngoko ke, ngexesha lokwakha, ingqalelo yayingakhokhelwa kakhulu kwizinto zokuzikhusela nezomkhosi, ngokubhekiselele kwilungiselelo leendawo zokuhlala kunye nomhlobiso omuhle wee-facade. Nangona ezinye zeengqungquthela zababhishophu zazingundoqo kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba zibekwe kufuphi nemida kunye namazwe otshaba.
Iinqaba ezidumileyo ze-episcopal zase-Estonia:
- I-Vastseliyna Castle (Neuhausen) - emva kokuba umbhishophu waseDerbent washiya isizinda sakhe, i-castle "yadlulela esandleni sisandla" kumaRusys, eSweden nasePoles ngamaxesha amaninzi, isakhiwo asizange sakhiwe kwakhona, ngoku sitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo;
- Castle Colouvere - igcinwe ngokugqibeleleyo, ngenxa yento yokuba kuyo de ikhulwini lemashumi mabini ihlala iintsapho ezintle (umnini wokugcina wefa - iRussia Count Fedor Fedorovich Buksgewden);
- Inqaba yasePorkuni - ukungena kwinqaba inqatshelwe, isakhiwo esiphakathi nje singabonwa kuphela ngaphandle;
- I-Kuressaare Castle - enye indawo yokuhlala episcopal, egcinwe kakuhle kude kube ngamaxesha ethu, iMyuziyam yaseSaaremaa isebenza kwintsimi;
- I-Haapsalu Castle enye yezona zivakatyelele kakhulu ngabakhenkethi, kwaye idibanise umlando weMdakakazi onguMhlophe ongenamfihlakalo, kwintsimi yenkqantosi kukho indawo yokudlala yabantwana kwinqanaba lexesha eliphakathi, udidi lokudubula lokuncintisana nokugubha iingqungquthela kunye neengxoxo zokusebenzela, ungatyelela iihholo zokubonisa umboniso okanye urenti Isikhokelo somsindo esilungiselelwe ngeelwimi ezintandathu.
Inqaba yase-Episcopal yase-Estonia ebalazweni ibhalwe ngamhlophe. Zonke ziyafumaneka kwicala langasempuma nasentshonalanga yelizwe.
Iindwendwe zeNobles
Iindawo ezigcinwe ziziqhwaba ezihloniphekileyo zixhamle ngobukhulu babo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo zobugcisa. Ukujonga umfanekiso wesigxina sase-Estonia, ungabiza ezo zakhiwo zindonga zangempela. Zininzi zazo zakhiwa ngokufana neendwendwe zehlabathi ezidumileyo (Windsor Palace, i-Bran Castle).
Iinqaba ezibalaseleyo ezihloniphekileyo zase-Estonia:
- kwinqaba yaseMaarjamägi - indawo ye-Count Orlov-Davydov, kule manor kwikhompyutheni yesicatshulwa esidumileyo esithi "IHound of the Baskervilles" yadutshulwa, namhlanje enye yamasebe aseMstonia yaseMestonian Museum isesakhiwo ;
- I-Sangaste Castle - iprojekthi yokuqala yayiquka amakamelo angama-99 ngaphakathi kwebhotwe (ngaphezu kwe-100 avunyelwe kuphela kookumkani), isakhiwo esihle sotena esinebhakabhaka sijikelezwe ipaki ngendlela yaseNgesi ephezulu kunye ne-emerald lawns, iindawo ezintle kunye namachibi, kukho imyuziyam ensimini yenkathazo;
- kwinqaba yaseTafapera - emva kokuba ilungelo lokuba leli lifa lahleka zihloniphekile ngexesha lokuguqulwa komhlaba, i-sanatorium isebenze ixesha elide kwisakhiwo, ngekhulu lama-21 ihotele kunye nevenkile yavulwa apha, kungekudala inqaba yaseTatapera enye yezona ndawo zikhethwa kakhulu e Estonia;
- I-Alatskivi Castle inokwakhiwa kwesitayela saseGothic, i-asymmetry ekhethekileyo iqhotyoshelwe kwisakhiwo (enye iphiko likhulu kunomnye, kukho i-single storey kunye namagumbi amabini angaphakathi kwisakhiwo esisodwa), inqaba ijikelezwe ipaki enkulu, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokutyela, ihotele, iihholo ezininzi zeenkomfa, i-Eduard Tubin Museum kunye ne-exposure Amanani e-wax abanikazi bokuqala belifa.
Izakhiwo ezihloniphekileyo zase-Estonia kwimaphu ziphawulwe ngamathantathu. Uninzi lwazo lujoliswe kwicandelo elisenyakatho-mpuma yelizwe.