Ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda iimpawu ze-meningitis kubantwana kufuneka bonke abazali, ekubeni ingozi yokugula ingama-10 amaxesha aphakamileyo ebuntwaneni. Ukuba umntwana akaboneleli ngonyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, imiphumo ingaba yintlekele, nokuba yiphumo elibulalayo.
Igosa elijongene ne-meningitis
I-Meningitis liqela lezifo apho ukuvuvukala kweembumba zengqondo okanye umgogodla kwenzeka. Ukuvuvukala kwee-webs ezithambileyo okanye zesicabangca kuthiwa i-leptomeningitis, iigobolondo eziqinileyo-i-pachymeningitis. Ngaphambi kokuveliswa kwezigulana kunye neyeza-antibiotics ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukufa kwabantu ekuxilweni kwe-meningitis e-purulent ebantwaneni kwaba malunga ne-90%. Kuze kube ngoku, kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika ("indawo ye-meningitis belt") ukuqhuba kwesi sifo kuvela ngamawaka anesifo.
I-Meningitis isisifo esizimeleyo (i-meningitis yokuqala) kunye nehlobo loxinzelelo (i-meningitis yesibili). Usulelo luya kwenzeka ngamaconsi amanzi, ngezandla ezingcolileyo, ukutya, amanzi. Ukungena kwisifo sokungenwa ngumzimba kunakho nangamaqabunga avulekileyo, i-catheters eziphazamisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukusuleleka kwi-agent ye-causative ye-meningitis kwenzeka ngokumalunga nemvelaphi ye-immunity eyancitshisiwe okanye izifo ezisele zikhona kwi-system central neervous-cerebral palsy, i-cysts kwingqondo.
I-agent ekhuselekileyo ye-meningitis yile:
- iintsholongwane;
- bhaktheriya;
- i fungi;
- spirochaetes;
- i-plasmid malaria kunye ne- toxoplasma .
Iimbangela ze-meningitis kubantwana
I-meningitis e-viral kubantwana ixhaphakile kunezinye iifom. Iintsholongwane zibangelwa i-meningitis:
- i-enteroviruses, kuquka Coxsackie ;
- iintsholongwane zentsholongwane, inkukhu yenkukhu, izibhinqa;
- I-Arboviruses, kuquka ne-encephalitis virus,
- iintsholongwane ze-herpes ze-1 kunye ne-2 neendidi;
- iifompy virus;
- cytomegalovirus .
I-meningitis ye-bacteria kubantwana nakubantu abadala ibangela:
- i-menicoccus ;
- pneumococcus;
- staphylococcus aureus;
- UListeria (kunye ne-immunity ebuthakathaka kunye nasebekhulile);
- i-bacillus ye-tubercle (ibangela i-meningitis yesibili);
- E. coli (isizathu esivakalayo sesiswini se-meningitis).
- Haemophilus influenzae .
Ukusuka kwifungi kubangela ukuba i-meningitis kubantwana ikwazi:
- cryptococci;
- Abaviwa.
I-Spirochaetes ebangela ukuba i-meningitis ibe:
- i-treponema ephaphathekileyo, ebangela isisiphelo;
- Borrelia, ebangela isifo seLyme;
- Leptospira.
Indlela yokubona i-meningitis - iimpawu kubantwana
Ukuze ukwazi ukuba indlela yokwenza i-meningitis ikhula njani kubantwana, kuyimfuneko ukufunda iziganeko eziphambili zesifo, eziquka:
- umkhuhlane ophezulu kunye namaqhwa;
- intloko;
- intlungu emiswini yentamo;
- ukulala, ukungazi;
- ukuhlanza;
- photophobia;
- intamo entamo.
Iimpawu zenye iifom ye-meningitis kubantwana:
- ukukhahlela kwesikhumba;
- zixhala;
- uxhalaba;
- ukwandisa;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ixesha lokuxubusha kwe-meningitis kubantwana
Xa lesi sifo singumama we-meningitis kubantwana, iimpawu kunye neempawu zibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zifana nezibonakaliso kwezinye izifo. Okwangoku, ingozi ye-meningitis idinga ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokukhawuleza oku kwenzekayo, i-forecasting favorable will be. Ubungakanani bexesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanywa nesimo somzimba wamasosha, kwaye siyahluka kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwi-10. Ukuqala kwesi sifo kunzima.
Impawu zokuqala ze-meningitis kubantwana
Uphawu oluphambili lwe-meningitis lusekhanda, olufundwa kwiintsuku zokuqala zesifo kwaye luqhubeka luphantse lube lukhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo intloko yekhanda ihambelana nokuhlanza "ukuqhubhisa" ngaphandle kwesicathulo, esingenakukhupha isiguli. Ukuhlala kwintlungu iyahluke - ngokuqhelekileyo ebunzini okanye entanyeni, ngamanye amaxesha intlungu iyahlukana. Ubunzima be-syndrome yesifo buyahlukahluka, kodwa inzima kakhulu yintloko e-meningitis enobuhlungu. Ukususela kwingxolo nokukhanya, i-syndrome intlungu ikhula rhoqo.
Umqondiso wokuqala we-meningitis kubantwana ubuninzi beemeko ngumkhuhlane ophezulu. Nge-meningitis ene-purulent, iqondo lokushisa liphakama kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo-40-41ºС, kunye ne-serous meningitis kunye nezinye iintlobo zesifo, ukushisa kuphakanyiswa kangako, kunye ne-syphilitic meningitis ukushisa kuqhelekile. Izibilini esi sifo zenzeka xa ubushushu besikhumba bunciphisa ukushisa komzimba ophakamileyo - le nto inomdla we-meningitis ingaba ngumqondiso wokuqala wesi sifo.
Rash nge-meningitis kubantwana
Ukugqithisa okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-meningitis kubonakala malunga nekota yeemeko zesifo kwaye phantse kukho uphawu lohlobo lwe-meningococcal yesifo. Ngolu hlobo lwesifo, iibhaktheriya zonakalisa iindonga zetya, kwaye iiyure eziyi-14 ukuya kwe-20 emva kokuqala kwesi sifo, kubonakala ukugqithisa okukhulu. Rash nge-meningitis kubantwana - iifoto kunye neempawu eziphawulekayo:
- umbala obomvu okanye obomvu-violet;
- ifom ye "stellate" engavumelekanga, ukuthambekela kokudibanisa amabala;
- xa ugxininisa elukhumbeni ngodonga lweglasi, i-rash ayiguquki kwaye iglasi ye-birch ibonakala (le enye yeendlela zokuxilonga);
- indawo - kwizitho kunye namacala, ukubonakala kokugqithisa ebusweni kuyimpawu embi kakhulu.
Meningeal syndromes
Ukuphendula ngokucacileyo umbuzo wendlela yokufumanisa i-meningitis kumntwana uya kunceda iimpawu ezibonakalayo kuphela kwesi sifo. I-Meningeal syndrome iquka imiqondiso enjalo:
- Ubunzima bemisipha yentamo. Xa uhlola isifo, ugqirha ucela ukubeka umntwana emhlane wakhe, ngesandla esisodwa ucinezela ngesifuba sakhe ngesinye isandla, kunye nomnye - ugoba intloko yakhe esifubeni. Ngenxa yobunzima bemisipha, le ntshukumo iyabuhlungu umntwana.
- Ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha ye-Reflex. Le syndrome ingabonwa ngumbanyana olele othabatha ingxaki engabonakaliyo "yejongwe ekhuniweyo" - umzimba uphakanyisiwe, ikhanda liphonswe ngasemva, izandla zixhomekeke esifubeni, imilenze - esiswini.
- Isibonakaliso seBrudzinsky. Ukukhangela kwisithuba se-supin kumqolo - ukuba umntwana uyaphakamisa intloko yakhe, imilenze yakhe emagqabini kunye namadolo aya kugxininisa. Ngendlela yokuguqa emlenzeni omnye kumlenze kunye namadolo, omnye uya kugxininiswa.
- Kerning Symptom. Khangela ukulala emhlane - ukuba umntwana ugoba umlenze nge-hip kunye namadolo, uze uzame ukulungisa i-knee joint - le nyathelo ayiyi kusebenza.
- Isibonakaliso seLesage. Ukuba umntwana uphakanyiswa ngokubamba izibilini, imilenze iya kutsalwa kwisisu.
- Symptom Flatau. Ngokuphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza kwentloko yomntwana ukusuka kwisikhundla esifanelekileyo, umfundi uya kwandisa. Ngale ndlela, imiqondiso ye-meningitis kubantwana ihlolwe ikakhulu kwiintsana.
Iimpawu zesimo se-meningitis zi:
- Ukuthintela - ngohlobo lwe-stroke okanye ngohlobo lomncinci oluncinane;
- ukulala (kubonwe kwi-70% yamatyala) - kuqala ngenxa yokuvimbela imisebenzi yengqondo, ukongeza - kukho ukudakumba kwamaziko abalulekileyo kwaye isigulane senza i-dyspnea, iyanciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukuxolisa - kungabonwa ekuqalekeni kwesi sifo, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo - kuqala ngomhla we-4-5, uhamba kunye nokuphazamiseka;
- ukukhohlisa, ukucinga, ukwesaba - iimpawu zesifo sengqondo zihluka kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane, zihlala ziqinisa ngokufudumala kweqondo lokushisa.
I-Meningitis - iimpawu kubantwana abangaphantsi komnyaka omnye ubudala
Kukunzima ukuxilonga i-meningitis kubantwana abangaphantsi kweempawu zeBrudzinsky, i-Kerning kunye ne-Lesage kuba banezwi eliqhelekileyo le-muscle, ngoko ke oogqirha abakrokreji lwe-meningitis kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala bajonge kwiimpawu zeFlautau. Ukongeza, oogqirha bahlola i-fontanel enkulu yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa - nge-meningitis, iyancipha kakhulu, ikhukhume. Esinye isibonakaliso sesifo se-meningitis emntwaneni womnyaka wokuqala wokuphila ngumsindo we-hydrocephalic (ukukhala ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokungazi okanye ukungazidideki). Umntwana ogulayo anga:
- ukukhala;
- kuthuthumela;
- Ukulala kakhulu;
- ulusu luba lubala;
- entloko kukho ngokucacileyo i-setochka enobuhlungu.
I-Meningitis kubantwana - ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa ngokuxilongo kwe-meningitis kubandakanya uphando, ii-laboratory kunye nezifundo zeengqungquthela, uvavanyo lwe-neurological. Ngethuba lokubuza imibuzo, ugqirha ufumanisa izifo ezikhoyo okanye ezisanda kutshintshwa, ngokucacileyo ukucacisa ukuba khona kwezifo ezifana nesifo sofuba, i-rheumatism, i-syphilis. Kubalulekile ukuzisa ugqirha ukuba umntwana usandul 'utshaya, i-otitis media, i-sinusitis, i-sinusitis, i-pneumonia, i-pharyngitis, yongenelela ngoncedo, yalimala, yaya kwelinye ilizwe, yamkela i-antibiotic okanye iyeza-anti.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurologic kuvumela ukubonakalisa iimpawu ze-meningitis kubantwana. Okokuqala, ugqirha uhlola iimpawu zeBrudzinsky, i-Kerning, i-Lesage, i-Flatau, ibukeka, nokuba kukho ukuqina kwemisipha. Ukongezelela, ubuhlungu kunye nobutyebi baphando - bonyuka nge-meningitis. Kunyanzelekile ukuba ugqirha ukuba enze uviwo lweentsimbi ze-cranial, eziwonakaliswe ngexesha le-meningitis.
Uphando lwee-instrumental ukufumana iimpawu ze-meningitis kubantwana kubandakanya i-electroencephalogram kunye ne-tomography. Inani leemvavanyo zelabhoratri ziquka ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kunye negazi, i-PCR okanye uvavanyo lwe-latex, i-cerebrospinal puncture, uhlalutyo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Uhlobo lwe-meningitis kwi-patphological pathological of cerebrospinal fluid:
- i-serous meningitis kubantwana - inani le-lymphocytes kwi-cerebrospinal fluid landa, iimbumba zengqondo zivuvuka;
- i-meningitis enefuthe kubantwana - kwi-cerebrospinal fluid umxholo ophezulu we-neutrophils, umxholo weeprotheyini ophezulu, iinjongo zeengqondo-i-purulent, i-compacted.
I-Meningitis kwonyango lomntwana
Ukuba uphando lubonakalisa iimpawu ze-meningitis kubantwana, isiguli sinikezelwa unyango oluphuthumayo esibhedlele. Ekubeni unyango oluzimeleyo lwe-meningitis kubantwana lungakhokelela kwimiphumo embi yempilo, ugqirha ofanelekileyo kufuneka anike imithi. Ukwelashwa kwe-Meningitis kubandakanya unyango olujoliswe ku:
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwebhakteria, i-viral okanye olunye unyango;
- ukupheliswa kwe-edema ye-cerebral kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo engapheliyo;
- ukupheliswa kweempawu ezithile ze-pathological - ukubuyiswa kwinqanaba lomlambo, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa, intlungu kunye nokutshatyalaliswa, ukupheliswa kwe-oksijini yindlala.
Iziphumo ze-meningitis kubantwana
Imiphumo emibi ye-meningitis ngokungabikho kwonyango olwaneleyo inokuba yingozi. Abantwana banokuba neengqondo, iingqinisiso, iingxaki zokuthetha, ukuxhatshazwa komsindo, i-hydrocephalus, umonakalo wesifo somzimba, kunye neengxaki ezinzima ngendlela yokukhubazeka okanye i-paresis, ukungavavayo, ukukhubazeka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuba i-meningitis idlulile, umntwana unentloko kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo, ukuphuculwa kwengqondo kunye nengqondo kulibazisekile, intambo, i-ptosis (ukudakumba kwengqondo), isymmetry ebusweni iyakhula.
Ukuthintela i-meningitis kubantwana
Amanyathelo okukhusela ngokumelene ne-meningitis ahlukaniswe ngamaqela amabini - athile kwaye angabalulekanga. Udidi lokuqala luquka ukugonya:
- Ukugonya kwe-Meningococcal - inoculation against meningitis kubantwana abakwiminyaka eyi-10-12 inika ukhuselo kwiqela elincinci lezilwanyana ezincinci, kwongezwa kwakhona kubantu abavakatye kwamanye amazwe, abafundi, abaqeshwe.
- Isitofu esivela kuHaemophilus influenzae B sinikezelwa abantwana abaneminyaka engama-2-5.
- Ukugonya kwe-Pneumococcal - kukho iintlobo ezimbini: abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 kunye nabadala.
- Izitofu zokulwa nemasisi, ama-mumps, inkukhu, i-ruble ye-rouleya yenziwa ukwenzela ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-meningitis kwimvelaphi yezi zifo.
Ukuthintela ngokungaqhelekanga kwindoda ye-meningitis kubandakanya:
- kuqinisa u khuselo;
- ukuthobela imithetho yokucoceka;
- ngokuqhelekileyo kokutya;
- ukunciphisa ithuba lokusuleleka kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi;
- ukukhuselwa kwiinambuzane ezinokuthwala isifo;
- ukuhlamba kuphela emzimbeni wamanzi aqinisekisiwe;
- ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lokuya eholide;
- unyango olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nelipheleleyo.