Ukuba inkqubo ye-hematopoiesis iyaphazanyiswa emnxeni wethambo, inani elincinci leeseli ezingekavuthiwe zibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphoblasts. Ukuba emva koko babefanele babe ngama-lymphocytes, kodwa beguqulwe, i-lymphoblastic leukemia ikhula. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe ngokutshintshwa ngokuthe gqithwa kweeseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo ngama-clones, kwaye abanako ukuqokelela kungekhona nje emnzini wethambo kunye nezicubu zayo, kodwa nakwezinye izitho.
Ukuchongwa kwe-acute lymphoblastic leukemia
I-pathology ecatshangelwayo yokuveliswa kwegazi kunye neempembelelo zegazi ihambelana nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi wendalo yonke. Ulwahlulo olungalawulekiyo lweeseli ezingapheliyo (i-lymphoblasts) lukhupha ukungena kwabo kwi-lymph nodes, ipleen, isibindi, umonakalo kwinkqubo yesantya ephakathi. Ukongezelela, into ethile yesi sifo iquka ukutshintsha kwintsebenzo yomnxeba obomvu. Uyayeka ukuvelisa inani elaneleyo leeseli ezibomvu zeeseli, iplatelets kunye neukocycytes, ukufaka endaweni yazo ngeenkcukacha zangaphambili eziguqula izakhi.
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimizimba yeseli echaphazeleka ngumhlaza, i-T-lymphoblastic (T-cell) ye-leukemia kunye ne-B-linear iyahlukana. Ezi zityalo ezinokugqibela zenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo, malunga nama-85% amatyala.
I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia - ibangela
Into ebangela ukuba uphuhliso lwezifo oluchazwe luguqulwe ngokungatshintshi kuma-chromosomes. Izizathu ezisemthethweni zolu nkqubo azikabikwa, umngcipheko we-leukemia walolu hlobo uvela kwezi zilandelayo:
- ukusuleleka rhoqo kwiintsana;
- izifo ze-ecological kwizihlobo eziseduze;
- ukuboniswa kwemitha, ukukhanya kwemitha;
- ukukhubazeka komzimba okanye ukufumana izifo;
- ukungena emzimbeni wee-toxins zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya - amayeza;
- utshintsho lwamajethi ngaphambi kokuzalwa;
- izifo zentsholongwane;
- minyaka engama-70 ubudala.
I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia - iimpawu
Enye yeempawu zentsholongwane eyenziwa yi-non-specificity of the signs. Zivame ukufana nezibonakaliso zesiganeko kwezinye izifo, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise i-leukemia kuphela emva kwecandelo leemvavanyo zebhubhoratri.
Izimpawu ezinokwenzeka:
- izifo ezithintekayo rhoqo, i-tonsillitis;
- intlungu ngamalungu, ngamanye amaxesha amathambo;
- tachycardia ;
- ukungabikho okanye ukulahleka kwesidlo, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- i-lymph nodes (i-axillary, i-colervical and inguinal);
- ukuphuma kumlonyeni womlomo (ukususela kwizinsini), emathunjini, ukusuka ekhaleni;
- ukubonakala kwemivimbo kunye nemivimbo elukhumbeni, amabala obomvu;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini we-genitourinary system;
- ukwanda kwimiqulu yesibindi, ipeni;
- umonakalo kwamehlo;
- Umsebenzi wezintso wehla.
I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia - unyango
Isicwangciso esiyinkimbinkimbi sinezigaba ezintathu:
- Iyokuqala i- chemotherapy enamandla kunye ne-cytostatics, i-glucocorticosteroid hormones kunye ne-anthracycline. Oku kuvumela ukufumana ukuxolelwa kwesifo - ukunciphisa umxholo we-lymphoblasts kwi-bone marrow tiscu ukuya kuma-5%. Ubungakanani bokungeniswa kwe-remission malunga neeveki ezingama-6-8 emva kokuxilongwa.
- Kwinqanaba lesibini lonyango, i-chemotherapy iyaqhubeka, kodwa kwimiba encinci, ukuhlanganiswa kweziphumo kunye nokutshabalalisa
iiseli ezitshintshileyo ezisele. Oku kukuvumela ukuyeka i-lymphoblastic leukemia ekhuselekileyo kwaye ukhusele ukuphindaphinda kwesi sifo kwixesha elizayo. Inani elipheleleyo lexesha elithatha ukuhlanganiswa lisuka kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-8, ixesha elichanekileyo lichongiwe ngumgqirha oya kwi-degree ngokwe-degree of leukemia. - Icandelo lesithathu libizwa ngokuba lisekela. Ngeli xesha, ngokuqhelekileyo i-methotrexate kunye ne-6-mercaptopurine. Nangona ubude bexesha lokugqibela lonyango (iminyaka engama-2-3), linyanzeliswe kakuhle, kuba alufunanga ukulaliswa esibhedlele - iipilisi zithathwa ngumguli ngokuzimela.