Ngubani oza kumelana neqiniso lokuba akunakwenzeka ukuphazamisa umphumo weFrud ekuphuhliseni i-psychology njengesazi? Le ndoda ihlolisise yonke into eyenzekayo, kodwa iFreud yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwifilosofi yobuntu be-psychoanalysis, eqinisweni, le ngcamango yaveliswa nguye. Ekugqibeleni, lobu buchule buye lwaphuhliswa ngu A. Adler, K. Young, kunye no-Neo-Freudians E. Fromm, G. Sullivan, K. Horney noJacan. Okwangoku, iindlela ze-psychoanalysis zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizengqondo ukuxazulula iingxaki zokuzimisela nokulungisa abantu.
Ingcamango ye-psychoanalysis
Kwiminyaka eyikhulu yobukho be-psychoanalysis, kukho isikolo esingaphezulu kwesinye nesikhokelo. Izikolo eziphambili ziqhelekileyo:
- i-classical theory yeFrud;
- i-ego-ingqondo;
- ingqondo yengqondo yeLacan;
- i-psychoanalysis yesakhiwo seKohu;
- indlela yokujonga;
- psychoanalysis;
Ukongeza, i-psychoanalysis ngokwayo idibene kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili:
- Iingcamango zengqondo ye-psychoanalysis yinto yokuqala kunye nengenye yeembono ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhliswa komntu kwingqondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa ingqalelo kwisakhelo se-psychoanalysis yeklastiki ngokwemiqathango yeFrud, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa nayiphi na imvelaphi yayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-psychology analysis by Jung okanye ngengqondo ngabanye ngu-Adler.
- I-Psychoanalysis ibonakala njengendlela yokuphanda iinjongo ezifihlakeleyo zomsebenzi wabantu, ezibonakaliswa ngumbutho wamahhala oboniswe ngumguli. Yiyo le ngongoma eyisiseko sefilosofi ye-psychoanalysis kaFranud.
- Kwaye ke, i-psychoanalysis yanamhlanje ibonakala njengendlela yokuphatha iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ezivela ngenxa yeengxabano phakathi kweminqweno kunye nenyaniso.
Iingcamango zendlela zokukhusela (ukufaka endaweni, i-sublimation, ukungaphili, njl.), I-complex (i-Oedipus, i-Electra, i-inferiority, i-castration), izigaba zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo (ngomlomo, emlonyeni, ematyaleni, emacaleni, ngokwasemzimbeni) zaziswa ngenjongo yokupasa i-psychoanalysis. UFrud uphinde wavelisa imodeli yezobugcisa kunye neyakhelo lwe-psyche. Imodeli yezobuqhetseba ibonisa ukuba khona kolwazi kunye namasebe angaziwayo, kwaye umzekelo wesakhiwo ubonisa ukuba kukho izinto ezintathu - id (ukungabi nalwazi), i-ego (ukuqonda), kunye ne-superego (uluntu ngaphakathi komntu).
Ukungazi kakuhle kwi-psychoanalysis
I-Freud kwiimodeli ezicetywayo ze-psyche zanikela indima enkulu ekungazi lutho (i-Id), eyona yindlela yamandla ngamnye. Eli candelo liqulethe izinto ezingenangqondo ezikhuthaza umntu ukuba alwele ukwanelisa iimfuno zendalo kunye nokufumana injabulo. UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba akukho nto iyingxowankulu yeengqondo zabantu. Nguye obangele abantu ukuba bafumane oko bafuna naluphi na iindleko, bebaphoqa ukuba baphathe kakubi kunye nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Ukuba kwakungekho namanye amasebe e-psyche, ngoko bekungekho migaqo kunye nemithetho kuluntu, abazange bakwazi ukwenza.
Ngethamsanqa, ukungenazi nto kulungelelaniswa nendawo eyaziwayo ye-Ego ne-Superego, evumela ukuhlehliswa kwemisebenzi yesiqhelo kwisiganeko esifanelekileyo (Ego) okanye nokuba ubeke umsebenzi phantsi kokuvalwa, kuba ingahambisani nemimiselo okanye iinjongo (Superego). UFrud wayekholelwa ukuba umntu ongenalwazi (i-Id) kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuqonda (i-Superego) iyahluka, ngoko ke
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwe-psychoanalysis ngokubanzi kwinjongo ebonakalayo, unabo abaninzi abagxekayo. Abantu abaninzi banomsindo ngamazwi kaFrud malunga neuroses jikelele, abanye abawamukeli ngcamango yokungakwazi, ukulawula ubuntu, ngelixa abanye bathatha imbono enenzondelelo yeengcamango zengqondo zobulili. Ngokufutshane, zonke izibango kwi-psychoanalysis yeFreud zingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ulungelelanisa nantoni na isenzo sabantu, ngokubhekiselele kwisinyulu, sithatha umntu ngamnye umnqweno wokuzisebenza kuye ukwenzela ukuphepha izifiso ezimbi.