Izindlela zokufundisa eziphula yonke imigangatho yemfundo!
Abantwana abaninzi bafumana imfundo yesibini, kwaye bengayazi ukuba ngubani "umgcini wendlu", umyalelo wokulawula, isifundo esinomdla kunye nomfaniswano wesikolo. Abadabuki ngenxa yokuhamba kukaSeptemba 1 kwaye ningacingi ngemihla phambi kweeholide. Abantwana abanjalo batyelela izikolo zokuvavanya eziqhuba iinkqubo ezingekho phantsi kwezemfundo. Ukufumana ulwazi kumaziko anjalo kukuvuyisa, ngenxa yabantu abonwabileyo, abanokulinganisela kunye nabangenangqiqo ukusuka kwiintsana ezikhulayo.
1. Inkqubo yedemokhrasi kwisikolo se-ALPHA
Iziko lemfundo lavulwa ngowe-1972, eCanada, kwinqanaba labazali abangenabaniyo bendawo.
Ku-ALPHA akukho imisebenzi yasekhaya, amabakala, idayari, iithayimthebhile kunye neencwadi zezifundo. Uqeqesho aluhambelananga nobomi bomntwana, umdla wakhe wemihla ngemihla, imidlalo kunye nezinto zokuzilibazisa. Abantwana ngokwabo banqume indlela yokuchitha usuku esikolweni, into yokufunda entsha kunye nokwenzayo, kwaye umsebenzi wootitshala awunakuphazamisana nabo kwaye ubalathise ngenyameko ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngako oko, amaqela ase-ALPHA aneminyaka ehlukeneyo, kuba ayenziwa kuphela ngeziphumo.
Iimeko zengxabano ezikolweni zedemokhrasi zisonjululwa ngokukhawuleza nakwiindawo. Ngenxa yale njongo, abafundi, kuquka ukuxabana, kunye nootitshala abaninzi. Ngethuba le ngxoxo, amalungu 'ekomiti' athetha, aqikelele iingongoma zembono, ekhokelwa yimigaqo yokuhlonipha kunye nokuzama ukuzibeka endaweni yomnye umntu. Isiphumo sisisombululo sokwemiseka, wonke umntu uyavuya.
I-ALPHA ikwazisa iintlanganiso ezingaqhelekanga zabazali. Ziyabonakala zikhona kunye nabafundi. Abantwana banelungelo, kunye nabantu abadala, ukwenza utshintsho kwinkqubo yokufunda, ukunikela ngezifundo ezintsha, ezithandekayo nemisebenzi.
I-Waldorfian system yeRudolf Steiner
Isikolo sokuqala salolu hlobo lwavulwa ngowe-1919 kwisixeko saseJamani saseStuttgart. Ngoku indlela yeNalldorf iqhutyelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, amaziko angaphezulu kwama-3000 asebenza ngempumelelo kuyo.
Ubunqwenelekayo kwinkqubo yeSteiner kukufumana ulwazi oluhambelana nophuhliso lomzimba, ngokomoya, ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo. Abantwana abazenzi naluphi na uxinzelelo, ngoko kwisikolo esingaphandle akukho gridi yokuhlola, iincwadi, iincwadi zezifundo kunye nesitifiketi esinamandla. Ukususela ekuqalekeni koqeqesho, abantwana baqala idayari yabo apho bangabhala phantsi okanye bafake umfanekiso wabo, ulwazi olutsha kunye namava kwansuku zonke.
Ngokuhambisana nezifundo eziqhelekileyo, abafundi bancedwa ukuba bafunde iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, izandla zobugcisa, ukulima, i-finance kunye nefilosofi yeprayimari. Ngethuba elifanayo, indlela yokuzibandakanya kwamanye amazwe iphunyeziwe evumela abantwana ukuba bazise iziqhagamshelwano phakathi kweziganeko kunye nezinto kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukuba bangamkeli kuphela izakhono zobuchule kodwa ezichanekileyo eziza kubanceda ngokwenene kwixesha elizayo.
3. Iprogram yamahhala ka-Alexander Nill kwisikolo sase-Summerhill
Eyasungulwa ngo-1921, isikhungo sasekuqaleni saseJamani, kodwa emva kweminyaka emithandathu sathuthela e-England (Suffolk). I-Summerhill Boarding School liphupha kwanoma yimuphi umntwana, kuba apha abavumelani nokuba bangabikho emsebenzini, bangathethi amagama angcolileyo ebhodini nokuziphatha kakubi. Enyanisweni, izinto ezinjalo zenzeke kakhulu, kuba abantwana bathanda i-Summerhill.
Umgaqo oyintloko wendlela ka-Alexander Nill: "Inkululeko, kungekhona imvume." Ngokutsho kwengcamango yakhe, umntwana ukhawuleza ngokukrakra ngokungaziboni, ukufuna ukwazi okokuqala kuya kusasaza. Kwaye le nkqubo isebenza ngokwenene - abafundi besikolo sokubhankqalaza baqala "ukukhohlisa", kodwa ke bona babhala phantsi izifundo ezibangelisayo kwaye bafundisise ngokunyanisekileyo. Ekubeni zonke iinqununu zidibanisa ngokuqinisekileyo, abantwana baqala ukubandakanyeka kuzo zombini kunye nezobugcisa.
I-Summerhill ilawulwa ngabasebenzi bayo nabafundi. Izihlandlo ezintathu ngeveki, iintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo zenziwa, apho wonke umntu okhoyo unelungelo lokuvota. Le ndlela inceda umntwana ukuba aphucule umthwalo wemfanelo kunye neempawu zobunkokheli.
4. Inkqubo yokusebenzisana nehlabathi kwiSikolo se-Mountain Mahogany
Indawo emangalisayo yavula iingcango zayo ngo-2004 e-USA.
Ngokungafani nezinye izikolo ezingezinye, ukungena kwi-Mountain Mahogany akudingeki udlule udliwano-ndlebe okanye ikhosi yoqeqesho lokuqala. Unako ukungena esikhungweni semfundo ngendlela ethembekileyo nangenabulungisa - ukunqoba i-lottery.
Inkqubo yoqeqesho isekelwe kwizifundo ezintsha zeengqondo ezibonisa ukuba ukufumana iimvakalelo eziyimpumelelo kufuna ukubandakanyeka komoya kunye nomoya ongaphandle.
Yiyo leyo iNtaba yaseMahogany inxanela ukuba - abantwana banikezelwa izifundo eziqhelekileyo kunye neeklasi zokupheka, ukuthunga, ukulima, ukuchwela kunye nezinye iintlobo zakhono zamakhaya. Umntwana ngamnye ufunda into entsha ngokusebenzisa amava akhe kunye nokusebenzisana rhoqo kunye nehlabathi langaphandle, ufuna ukuvumelana nalo.
Ukubonisa ukubaluleka kolwazi kunye nezakhono ezifunyenweyo, umyezo omkhulu uhlelwe esikolweni. Kulapho, abantwana bavelisa imithi yezityalo, imifuno kunye namajikijolo, ahlanganiselwe kunye kunye nokuvuna, atyiswa kuphela ngemveliso yezinto eziphilayo.
5. Inkqubo yekhontrakthi uHelen Parkhurst kwiSikolo seDalton
Le ndlela yokulungiselela ibonwa njengenye yezona zinto zilungileyo kwihlabathi (ngokwemagazini yeForbes). I-Dalton School yasungulwa eNew York ngo-1919, kodwa inkqubo yayo yemfundo yamkelwa ngamaziko emfundo yonke indawo.
Ubungqineka kwendlela ye-Ellen Parkhurst sisisigqibo. Abafundi bangena esikolweni, bazigqiba ngokuzimeleyo zezifundo, kwaye banokuthanda kangakanani ukufunda. Kananjalo, abantwana bakhetha uhambo kunye nobunzima beprogram, umthwalo oyifunayo kunye nomgangatho wokufunda izinto. Ngokuhambelana nezigqibo ezithathiweyo, umntwana ubonisa isivumelwano somntu ngamnye, esichaza amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko zamabini omabini, ixesha lokupasa iimviwo kunye neemvavanyo. Inkontileka iqulethe uludwe lweencwadi ezicetyiswayo, ulwazi olongezelelweyo lokufunda nokucinga, ukulawula imibuzo.
Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba esikolweni saseDalton kukho abafundisi abanjalo. Benza njengabacebisi, abacebisi, abaqeqeshi kunye nabahloli. Enyanisweni, abantwana ngokwabo bafumana ulwazi kunye nezakhono abazifunayo, kwaye abadala abakwazi ukuphazamisana nabo, kwaye bancede njengoko kuyimfuneko.