Ubomi bentlalo yabantu ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuyalela nokugcina imithetho ethile nemithetho, ngaphandle koko kuya kuba neengxabano. Unkulunkulukazi ongumdala waseGrike uThemis uye waqaphela ukugcinwa kwemithetho kunye nobulungisa kwiinkulungwane eziliwaka eziliqela.
Ngubani uThemis?
Uthikazikazi wobulungisa u-Itmis wazalwa ngamaTtans: u-Uranus, umntu onguGrike amazulu kunye noGaia, unkulunkulukazi wasendulo wehlabathi. AmaGrike awamthiya ngokuthi iTemida okanye iTemis. KwamaRoma, uThemis wayebizwa ngokuba nguBulungisa. Ebukhali kunye nobunzima kunye no-erudition, uThemis wanqoba umlawuli we-Olympus waza waba ngumfazi wesibini wezomthetho emva kweMetida. UThemis waba nguxanduva lomthetho kunye no-Olympus kunye nabantu. U-Themis ongakhethi kodwa ongenamkhethe ulinda uluntu namhlanje: IThempeli likaThemis libizwa ngokuba yindlu yesigqeba, kwaye izikhululo zokuthotyelwa komthetho azikho ngaphandle kwabakhonzi okanye ababingeleli baseThemis.
U-Themis waba negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwabantu baseGrike bamandulo, wabafundisa:
- isayensi yezibikezelo;
- ukwenza imibingelelo;
- ukuqhuba izithethe zikaThixo (kwazisa ababingeleli ngentando yonqulo).
UThemis ubonakala ngathi?
Unamandla, ukuzithemba, ngesithunzi, ubonisa uThemis ngamehlo akhe avaliweyo, ngokwemveli kwiingubo zamabhinqa zamaGrike - ingubo evulekayo okanye iingubo. Izinwele kwi-hairstyle eqinile. E-Themis akukho ngisho nokulahla kokudlala okanye ukuthambekela ukubonakalisa iimpawu zomfazi, yena ngokwakhe uyinja. Imifanekiso kunye nekiso zeThemis zifanekisa kwaye zizithetha ngokwazo, xa zikhangela unkulunkulukazi, abantu babona ibhinqa eliqinileyo, elibukhali elinenkqantosi, inkemba ejikelezileyo elinekwelinye icala kunye nezikali kwelinye.
Iimpawu zeThemis
Isibakala sodadekazi sinyuliwe ngesizathu esihle kwaye sinentsingiselo engcwele engcwele:
- I-bandise ibhenji - ukungakhethi. Ngaphambi koothixokazi womyalelo, bonke balingana kunye noothixo nabantu. Akukho nendawo okanye ukungabikho kwemibandela yentlalo. Umthetho unye kubo bonke.
- Izambatho zengubo zendlela yokulawula ubulungisa. KwiiGrike zaMandulo, zonke iinkqubo zazingcwele kwaye zithethelela, ngoko ke ukhetho lweengubo lunikezelwa kakhulu.
- I-Libra Themis ngumlinganiselo, ukulinganisela, ukulinganisela kunye nobulungisa. I-Libra ngumfanekiso wasendulo wokwakha, ongumlinganiselo nje wezinto eziphathekayo ezinokulinganiswa, kodwa kunye neengqiqo ezinjengokuthi "ezilungileyo" kunye "nobubi", "unetyala" kunye "nokungabi namacala". Iyiphi indebe iya kuphuma? U-Themis ubeka izikali ngakwesobunxele, okukufuziselayo, kwicala lesobunxele lomzimba ngumbonisi.
- Ikrele likaThemis lilamandla okomoya, ukubuyisela okanye ukubuyisela ezenzweni ezenziwa ngabantu. Ekuqaleni, unkulunkulukazi wayigcina i-cornucopia, kodwa ke amaRoma azisa ingcamango yabo kwaye afake ikrele (isizathu esifanelekileyo) esandleni sokunene sikaThixokazi, kwimbono yabo, ukubonakalisa ngakumbi intsingiselo kaThemis (Ubulungisa). Umfanekiso wodadekazi obambe ikrele elikhomba iingongoma eziphakamileyo kwintando kaThixo yasezulwini. Kamva, uThemis waqala ukubonakaliswa ngekrele, wehliswa ngezantsi. Le meko ithathwa njengexhomekeke kumandla.
I-Mymis - intsomi
U-Themis - unkulunkulukazi, ohlonishwayo ngamaGrike, uyamnxusa ngokungekho sikweni kwaye unqwenela ukujezisa umoni. U-Themis ngokwakhe wayefuna ukuxwayisa ukungabikho komthetho okanye inkathazo, kuba naye wayeyi-pythia enkulu-i-fortune teller, njengoko kubonakaliswe yizintlo apho unkulunkulukazi womthetho nomyalelo uvela khona. Ngokubhekiselele kuye yi-Olympic kunye nabantu.
UThemis noZeus
UZeyus wanqotshwa ngamava kunye nobulumko bukaThemis, wayebonakala ebona yonke into, wayesazi ngabanye oothixo oko abanye ababengazi. Uthikazikazi ugunyazisiweyo ukuba abizele oothixo kwibhunga, wanceda uZeus ekukhutsheni iMfazwe yeTrojan. UZeus wayevuyiswe ukuba nomcebisi onjalo kumfazi wakhe, owamkela njengokuba kunjalo kunye nangemva kokuba bahlukane kunye nomtshato kaZeus kuHera, umbusi we-Olympus wabonisana kwaye wayethemba izinto ezithembekileyo zikaThemis. Oothixokazi bexesha leNtaba ye-Intaba (Ory) - iintombi ezintathu zikaThemis noZeus zavela ngenxa yothando lwabo:
- I-Eunomia - umntu obonisa intsikelelo, uxolo kunye nokuhlelwa;
- Ukudibanisa - inyaniso kunye nobulungisa, kugcina ukugcinwa kwenyaniso kwihlabathi labantu, ukubika kubaba malunga nokuphambuka kweqiniso;
- U-Eirena uyintombi kaZeus noThemis, obandakanya ubomi obunokuthula.
Ngokuchazwa kwandlela-thile kweengcinga zeGeossida, oonyana bakaZeus noThemis babengoMoira, unkulunkulukazi wexesha elibi:
- Indwangu yinkambo yokuphosa yobomi;
- I-Lachesis - inquma i-future, "lot" rong>
- I-Atropos - iphula umgca wobomi (ukungenakwenzeka, ukungaxhamli kwexesha, ukufa).
Themis no Nemesis
Oothixokazi bobabini bamaGrisi bamandulo bafana kunye kwaye bancedisana. Amandla kaThemis ukugweba abo abaphikisanayo abavakalisa abangenacala kunye nokubuyisela ubulungisa. I-nemesis yamaGrike yayifakwe njengomntu kunye nesohlwayo esithile okanye ukuhlawulwa, ewela kwiintloko zabaphulaphuli nabenzi bokubi. I-Nemesis yayinekrele kunye nezikali ezifana neempawu zeThemis, ikrele kunye nezikali, ngamanye amaxesha zibonakaliswa ngokutshabalalisa - njengesimboli sesantya sokuhlaselwa (isijeziso) kunye nomyalelo, othoba umsindo wokuzikhukhumeza nokungathobeli.