Ukusuleleka kwe-Meningococcal yisifo esibi kangangokuthi akukho mntu ufuna ukujamelana nayo, kuba ezinye iintlobo zesifo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe nemiphumo emibi.
I-agent engumnxeba wesi sifo i-meningococci, ezidluliselwa kumntu ukuya kumntu ngokuphindaphindiweyo nge-airborne, ngaphantsi kwexesha ngokuqhagamshelana (ngezinto, izandla ezingahlambulukanga, ukukhutshwa kwesigulane). Ngokwabo, ii-pathogens zisengozini kwaye zifa ngaphandle komzimba womntu zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30. Ubungqina bentsholongwane kukuba i-arhente yesikhokelo ikhona kwi-1-3% yabantu abaphilileyo, kwaye inani leenqwelo zebhanka lidlula inani lamatyala amakhulu ngamanqaku. Iimbopheleleko eziqhelekileyo zokusuleleka kwezilwanyana ngabantu abadala, kwaye amaninzi amaninzi achaphazeleka ngabantwana, kubandakanywa iintsana.
Ukubonakaliswa kosulelo lwe-meningococcal kubantwana
Kukho iintlobo ze-4 zesifo kunye nemibonakalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nekhosi.
1. I- Meningococcal nasopharyngitis yinto ebonakalayo yonyango. Ukuqala kwesi sifo kunempawu ezifanayo kunye nezifo eziphefumulayo zokuphefumula. Umntwana unesifo somkhuhlane, intloko entle yommandla we-fronto-parietal, umkhuhlane omncinci ovela ekhaleni, umqala womqala kunye nokukhwehlela okungavelanga. Iimpawu zesifo zihamba ngokwazo kwaye azichaphazeli izitho ezibalulekileyo. Ingozi yesi sifo ibonakalisa ukuba i-nasopharyngitis ingaphambi kwezinye iimeko ezinzima zesifo.
Uhlobo olomeleleyo lokusuleleka luyi- meningococcemia , oluchaphazela ulusu, lunxilise umzimba kwaye luchaphazela kakubi umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi. Iimpawu zolu hlobo lweentsholongwane zamantombaza kubantwana ziquka: ukunyuka okukhawulezayo kwisebusuku ukuya kwi-39 ° C, ukuqala kweentloko kunye nentlungu ye-muscle, ukulibaziseka ekunqandeni kunye ne-stool, kodwa abantwana abancinci banokuba ne-stool. Into ehlukile yalolu hlobo lweentsholongwane zokuxoswa kwe-meningococcal yi-rash ebonakala kwiiyure ezingama-5 ukuya ku-15 ukusuka ekuqalekeni kwesi sifo. I-Rash ne-meningococcemia ibonakala kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ayichithekanga xa icinezelwe. Imibala ehluke kwi-tinge e-bluch kunye ne-"star" engafanelekiyo, phakathi kwimihlaba apho i-necroses iyakwenzeka ngokubunjwa kwezilonda.
3. Olunye uhlobo lwesifo luyindoda ye-meningococcal meningitis , eqala ngokunyuka okukhulu kweqondo lokushisa ukuya kuma-40 ° C, ukuhlanza kunye neentloko ezinzima. Ngale fomu yesifo, abantwana bayakhalaza ngesithintelo esingenakuxoxwa kunye nomxholo wokutsala, okhutshwe ngumgaqo-myalelo okhanyayo. Ukusuleleka kwe-Meningococcal kunokubangelwa zizibonakaliso:
- I-Regency yemisipha ye-occipital (akunakwenzeka ukuguqula intloko xa iguqa phambili);
- Uphawu lwekherning (isigulane esilala emhlane wakhe siguqa umlenze wakhe ngasesigxotsheni esifanele ukuya emadolweni kunye nokudibanisa amaqhinga kunye nokujonga ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba umlenze ugxile emgceni);
- ukujibilika kwentloko kunye nokuguqa ngokungenakuzibandakanya kwemilenze emathangeni;
- ukubonakala koxinzelelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiifom ezinzima zesifo.
4. I- meningoencephalitis ye-menococcal ineempawu ezifanayo kunye ne-meningococcemia kwaye ifunyaniswa, njengeminye imbonakalo yokusuleleka kwe-meningococcal, ngoncedo lwezifundo ezikhethekileyo zebhubhoratri.
Unyango losulelo lwe-meningococcal kubantwana
Ngokusuleleka kwintsholongwane, kukho iimeko ezizalisekileyo, ezinemiphumo engapheliyo ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu kumzimba. Kodwa ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kunqabile kakhulu, ngelixa ezininzi kwiimeko zokufumana iimpawu kunye nokufuna uncedo lwezokwelapha kunika imiphumo emihle yonyango. I-Nasopharyngitis iyaphathwa ekhaya, kwaye ezinye iintlobo zesifo zidinga unyango lwezonyango ngamayeza. Xa kuqaliswe unyango olungenangqondo, abantwana bahlala behlushwa ngumonakalo wengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokukhulelwa kwengqondo. Inqanaba elifanelekileyo kakhulu lokuthintela usulelo lwe-meningococcal lokugonya.