Kwiingqungquthela zenzululwazi kuze kube namhlanje ziphikisana ngazo zeziphi iidolophu zasendulo zaseRashiya , kwaye ziphi na zazo zimi kwindawo yokuqala. Intendeni yobuqhankqalazo iyahlula phakathi kwemizi emithathu yaseRussian Federation: iDerbent, Veliky Novgorod kunye ne-Staraya Ladoga. Qonda oku akulula, kuba nganye inguqu ineziphakamiso ezingenakuphikiswa. Kwimizi yamandulo yaseRashiya yokucubungula iqhutyelwa nanamhlanje ukufumana ubungqina bokuzalwa kwesi sixeko. Umdala weLadoga uyisixeko, isifundo esasisandul 'ukuza kutshanje, kwaye ngoko kusondele kakhulu ukuphelisa inkcazo yedolophu endala kunawo wonke eRussia.
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Derbent
Itholakala kumzantsi weDagestan kwaye inxalenye yeRussian Federation. Izibhengezo zokuqala ezibhalwe ngesandla ezisekelwe kuyo ekugqibeleni ukuba iDerbent yidolophu endala eRashiya ibhalwe nguHecataeus Miletus, i-geographer ethandwa kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Bhekisela ekupheleni kwesine leminyaka yeminyaka ye-BC, xa iindawo zokuqala zihlala khona.
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Igama elithi "Derbent" livela kwigama elithi "Darband", oku kuthetha "amasango amancinci" ukusuka kwisiPersi. Emva koko, isixeko sisezindaweni ezidibanisa uLwandle lweCaspian kunye neentaba zeCaucasus, i-corridor encinci, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Dagestan corridor". Kwixesha la mandulo laliyingxenye ebalulekileyo yeNdlela enkulu yeSelk, engenakugqithiswa.
Ukuze ufumane le ngqungquthela yeendlela zokurhweba, iimfazwe ezigawulayo ziye zahlala zenziwa, kwaye ngenxa yazo zonke izixeko ziye zatshatyalaliswa kaninzi kwihlabathi, kwaye zibuye zazaliswa kwakhona, kaninzi. Kodwa nangona yonke intshabalalo eyenziwa nguDerbent, ezininzi iimpawu zembali kunye nezakhiwo zendalo zagcinwa.
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Nantsi yenziwe imyuziyam yezakhiwo zendalo, ezikuloo ndawo ekhuselekile. Iquka inqaba eyaziwayo yaseNaryn-Kala, eyamawaka amaninzi ikhusele isixeko ekuhlaselweni kweentshaba. Inqaba ilula iikhilomitha ezingamashumi amane, kwaye yiyo kuphela yeso sikhumbuzo esasinda kwiintsuku zethu.
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Kwimihlaba yolondolozo kukho indawo yokungcwaba yamandulo, apho ungabona khona ama-gravestones ahleliyo kunye nemibhalo ebhaliweyo ephuma kuma-7-8 ekhulwini.
ISidolophu saseKapa kunye nazo zonke izakhiwo zembali zibonakala njengeGugu leMhlaba le-UNESCO.
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Veliky Novgorod
Abahlali baseNovgorod kunye nabanye abapheli-mlando bakholelwa ukuba yi- Novgorod Enkulu eyona mzi endala kunawo wonke eRussia. Kwaye le nguqulo inezizathu zonke zezi, kuba waqala ibali lakhe ngo-859. Apha, ukusuka e-Kievan Rus, amaRashiya athethwe ebuKristwini, eyaba yinkolo kaRhulumente. Nantsi inkulungwane yeshumi icawa yeenkuni yeSanta Saint Sophia yoBulumko bukaThixo yakhiwa, eyayibekwe isithsaba sekhaya elishumi elinesithathu. Into engavamile yichazwa yinto yokuba imbonakalo yehlabathi ngaphambi kokukhonza izithixo yayisetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kwecawa.
I-Novgorod yaba emva kwesi sikhungo sobuKristu eRashiya kunye nesihlalo sobufundisi beendawo zonke.
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I-Kremlin endala kunye enkulu kunazo zonke eRashiya ilapho. Xa kuthelekiswa noDerbent, i-Veliky Novgorod inexesha elibonakalayo elicacileyo nelisigxina, kwaye kungekhona nje inkulungwane apho ixeshana liqala khona. Kwaye, inyaniso engenakuphikiswa kukuba i-Novgorod yayihlala isiRussia, ngokungafani neDerbent, eyayixhaswe kwi-Russian Federation, kwaye inabantu abangama-5% baseRussia.
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Old Ladoga
Le yinto engabonakaliyo ngabangcali-mlando kunye nabadala be-archaeologists isixeko, kodwa ikwabiza ngokuba yindoda enkulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Kule nguqulelo, ababhali beembali-zembali baninzi bathambekele kamsinya. Kukho ama-gravestones apho umhla unyaka-921. Kodwa okokuqala kuthethwa kwimiqulu evela ku-862. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-9, apha yasungulwa ichweba, apho kuthengiswa khona kweSlav kunye nabantu baseScandinavia. Ngoku uphando olukhulu luyaqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bomuzi osekudala eRashiya.
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