Unxibelelwano luyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqwe ngempumelelo komntu kuluntu. Intsebenziswano yokuqala iqhutyelwa kwintsapho yabazali, apho umntwana efumana ukuvavanya kwakhe, ukuziphatha kwakhe ngezihlobo, ukufunda ukufunda iimvakalelo neemvakalelo - ngesiseko sale nkqubo, kusetyenziswe iindlela zokusebenzisana ngokuphumelelayo okanye okungakhethiyo nabantu.
Yintoni ukusebenzisana?
UGeorge G. Mead - iNzululwazi waseMerika kunye nefilosofi wachaza umxholo wokusebenzisana kuma-1960. U-Mead wayekholelwa ukuba umntu omnye aqonde enye, kubalulekile ukuqonda oko akwenzayo, yintoni ayenzayo. Ukusebenzisana kukusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu, kubandakanye impembelelo eminye ngexesha lezinto ezidibeneyo. Ngexesha lokusebenzisana kwenzeka:
- utshintshiselwano lwamava, izimvo;
- ukufezekiswa kokuqonda;
- ukwakha umgca omnye wesicwangciso okanye isicwangciso;
- ukuzibeka kwindawo (indima) yeqabane (jonga imeko ngamehlo omnye);
- xa kungabikho ukusebenzisana okungafanelekanga, ingxabano kunye nokhuphiswano.
Ukusebenzisana kwintlalo
Intsebenziswano yentlalontle yintsebenziswano yabantu, eyenziwa kwinkqubo encinci (intsapho, abahlobo, abasebenzi kunye) kunye nenqanaba elibanzi (izakhiwo zoluntu kunye noluntu jikelele) kwaye kuquka ukutshintshiselwa kweempawu, amava kunye namava athile. Ingundoqo yentsebenziswano ixhomekeke ekudibanisaneni phakathi kwabantu kwaye yakhiwe ngesiseko sempawu ngamnye zesifundo ngasinye, umgca wokuziphatha, ukuphikisana okuvela ngexesha lokunxibelelana. I-Pitirim Sorokin (i-sociologist) yachonga amanqaku athile enamandla kwintlalo yoluntu:
- Ukusebenzisana, ubuncinane abantu aba-2 bafunekayo.
- Ngethuba lokunxibelelana, ingqalelo ihlawulwa kuyo yonke into: impawu, ubuso buso, izenzo - oku kunceda uzive umntu ongcono.
- Iingcamango, iimvakalelo, izimvo kufuneka zixubushe nabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusebenzisana.
Ukusebenzisana kwi-Psychology
Umzekelo wokuqala wokusebenzisana nabantu ngomntu. Ngaphakathi kwentsapho, kwimiba yomsebenzi odibeneyo ngexesha lokulala, "I" yomntwana iya kuba. Ubuntu bubunjwa kwi-prism yokuzijonga ngabanye kunye nokuphendula kweendlela zokuziphatha ezivela kwimpendulo kwimisebenzi yayo. Ukusebenzisana kwengqondo kwengqondo yinto esekelwe kwimibono yeD.Im kunye neengcamango zakhe "zokusebenzisana okufuziselayo" ezivela kwisikhokelo sokuziphatha. I-sociologist ibandakanyeke kakhulu ekutshintshisweni kweempawu (imiqondiso, ukunyameka, ubuso buso) phakathi kwamaqela asebenzisanayo.
Iintlobo zoHlangano
Kwimisebenzi yentlalo edibeneyo, abantu baxhomekeke kumnye kunye nokusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo kubonisa ukuba "ukubaluleka" okuphezulu komnye njengomntu. Ukungasebenzi - ngasinye isifundo kwinkqubo yoqhagamshelwano senziwa kuphela kuye kwaye akazami ukuqonda, ukuziva omnye. Intsebenziswano enokubambisana kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nokusebenzisana okunjalo akunakwenzeka. Iintlobo zentsebenziswano zingahlukana ngohlobo lwempembelelo: izandi kunye nokungabonakali.
Ukuthetha ngokuthetha (inkulumo) kubandakanya iinkqubo:
- Impembelelo yentetho (isiqu, ithoni yezwi, ukuvakalisa intetho).
- Ukutshintshelwa, utshintshiselwano ngolwazi, amava.
- Ukuphendula kwingcaciso efunyenweyo (ingxelo yesimo sengqondo okanye ulwalamano, uluvo).
Ukubambisana okungabonakaliyo (ukungabikho komlomo) kubangelwa yindlela yoqhagamshelwano - ngokusondela:
- I-Pose iboniswe ngumlingane: ukuvuleka-ukuvula, ukuphumula-ukuxhatshazwa.
- Isikhundla esikhaleni kukubanjelwa kwintsimi (ukubeka amaxwebhu, izinto ezungeze itafile) okanye ukusebenzisa ubuncinci bendawo.
- Ulungiso kunye ne-synchronism yeqabane elibandakanyekayo ekuthandeni, ukubonakalisa ubuso, ukunyakaza komzimba.
Ukusebenzisana kunye noqhagamshelwano
Unxibelelwano njengentsebenziswano equlethe imfundo, ukulawula, ukuvavanya imisebenzi kwaye ivumela abantu ukuba baququzelele imisebenzi yabo ehlangeneyo kunye nokufezekiswa kweenjongo zabo. Unxibelelwano lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo ekusebenzisaneni, lunye lwezakhi zalo kunye nokubona (ukuqonda) kwaye lithembele kwiindlela ezifanayo (izandi, ezingenagama) kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana. Ukwahlukana phakathi kokunxibelelana nokusebenzisana:
- Umnxibelelisi akanokuba ngumntu kuphela, kodwa nakwabemijelo, nayiphina indlela yokubonisa (imiqondiso yendlela) yencwadi.
- Injongo yokunxibelelana kukudluliswa kolwazi, ngaphandle kokufumana impendulo (iimvakalelo, izimvo zabanye azinakuthatyathwa)
Ukusebenzisana nokuphathwa
Ukusebenzisana ekunxibelelaneni kuhlale kuthintela omnye nomnye. Njengomphumo wokusebenzisana ngokubambisana, umntu utshintsho, ulungiswa ngentsingiselo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuphathwa. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, iindlela zobuqili , njengesixhobo sempembelelo, ziqhelekileyo kwishishini, imarike yabathengi. Ukunyanzelisa, ngokuphambene nokusebenzisana kubonisa ukuba:
- Ukulawulwa okufihliweyo komntu ngokumelene nentando yakhe (isiphakamiso, isikhokelo sengqondo);
- ukubeka umlingane kwisithuba esipheleleyo (ukudlala ngeentloni, inecala okanye iminqweno)
- ukusetyenziswa kweentlonelo kunye nokubethekisa kwiintetho.