Ngethuba lethu, asikwazi ukucinga ngobomi bethu ngaphandle kombane kunye nezibane. Emva kwayo yonke into, yile mveliso elula - i-bulb ekhanyayo esinceda siphila ubomi obusisigxina, okwenza ubonakale bubusuku obumnyama kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, kukho ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi emisebenzini, kwaye kufuneka usebenze ubusuku ukuze ubambe yonke into, kuba akukho nje iiyure ezikhawulezileyo zemihla. Kwaye ngoku uzama ukucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka njani kule meko ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-bulbs. Umntu wanamhlanje ucinga ukuba kunzima, nangona ekhulwini leshumi elinesibhozo, bonke behlala ngokuzinzileyo ngaphandle kwesi nzuzo kwimpucuko. Kodwa inkqubela phambili iya phambili ngokunyuka kunye nemida, eyenza ubomi bethu bube lula. Kwaye ngoku inkqubela ayigxininanga, i-bulbs elula kwaye eqhelekileyo iveliswa ngokuqhubekayo. Masiqwalasele ngokukodwa oko kukuthi - izibane ze-halogen kwaye zeziphi iingenelo kunye nokungalungi.
Izibane zeHalogen ekhaya
Ukuze uqonde ukuba zezi zibane izibani, qwalasela uphawu oluthile lwezibane ze-halogen.
- Umgaqo wokusebenza. Okokuqala, makhe sijonge umgaqo wee-halogen izibane, ezahluke ngokuthe ngqo kwimiqathango yezibane eziqhelekileyo. Ekusebenzeni kwezibane ze-halogen, kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeekhemikhali, ebizwa ngokuba ngumjikelezo we-halogen. Iimolyuli ze-tungsten kunye ne-bromine, ukungena kwimichiza yamakhemikhali, yenze umjikelezo ongenakulinganiswa wokuguqulwa kwezinto, "ezenza" isibane sisebenze. Ekubeni le nkqubo yeekhemikhali isenokuhlala ixesha elide, ubomi beembane ze-halogen buhlala ixesha elide kunezibane eziqhelekileyo, eziya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukusetyenziswa kombane. Ekubeni izibane ze-halogen zigcina amandla, umbuzo wokuqala umntu ahlala ebuza ngawo: "Ubungakanani amandla okwenza i-halogen izibane?". Lo mbuzo kulula ukuphendula, kuba, njengoko umgaqo walezibane izibophelelwe kwinkqubo yamachiza, badla umbane ongaphantsi kunezibane eziqhelekileyo. Ngokunjalo, ukuba kube ngokuchanekileyo, amahlanu angaphantsi kwezibane eziqhelekileyo.
Izibane ze-Halogen zisetyenziswe njengeziqwenga okanye ukukhanyisa izilwanyana ezinqanyuliweyo . Apha, ngokubanzi, kunye nazo zonke iimpawu ezimfutshane, kunye nolwazi olunzulu kunye nezibane ze-halogen, masibuyeke ngezantsi ukuze siqwalasele iimpawu zabo zokuziphatha kunye neentlanzi.
Izibane zeHalogen: iinkonzo kunye neengxaki
Masiqale siqwalasele izibonelelo zezi zibane, kuba, ngokwenene, ukungalungi kwezibane ze-halogen zendlu kungabonakali, kwaye ngaphandle koko, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-pluses ephezulu, bayeke ukuba babe neziphoso.
Iingenelo zezibane ze-halogen:
- Ukugcina amandla. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, izibane ze-halogen zidla umbane ongaphantsi kwamahlanu ngaphezu kwezibane eziqhelekileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukudibanisa okukhulu.
- Ubomi benkonzo. Kwakhona, ubomi benkonzo, ekhankanywe ngasentla kuphela, izibane ze-halogen ziyizihlandlo ezintandathu ukuya kwezilishumi elinesihlanu ezinkulu kunama-bulb eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko, ukuthenga isibane se-halogen, awukwazi ukucinga ngokuthenga enye entsha ixesha elide.
- Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokuveliswa kokukhanya okukhulayo. Izibane zeHalogen zinika ukukhanya ngakumbi, kwaye ngenxa yoyilo olulungelelaniso, ukukhanya kusasazeka ngeklasi ngendlela enjengokuthi amehlo angakhathali.
- Amandla. Izibane ze-Halogen zinamandla kakhulu kwaye zixhatshaziweyo kwiinguqu zengcinezelo yemozulu kunye nobushushu.
Ukungalungi kwezibane ze-halogen:
- Ixabiso. Oku mhlawumbi kukungonakali kakhulu kwezibane ze-halogen. Ngamaxabiso angadlula
izibane eziqhelekileyo kubini, kwaye kwimizuzu emithathu. Kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba bakhonza okuninzi, ukuze ekugqibeleni bazihlawule. - Ukutshaya. Abantu abaninzi babuza isizathu sokuba kungenakwenzeka ukuchukumisa isibane se halogen. Le yiphumo lesibini lamathambo e-halogen - ashushu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ezi zibane kufuneka ziphathwe ngokucophelela, ukuze ungazitshisi okanye uhlele umlilo endlwini.
Apha, ngokubanzi, kunye nazo zonke iingxaki kunye neengxaki zee-halogen izibane. Nangona iimbono ezixhaphakileyo, izibane ze-halogen azibangeli ubungozi, njengoko iinkqubo zeekhemikhali kuzo aziyingozi kwaye azilimazi. Ngako-ke kumakhonkco asekhaya, ungakwazi ukuthenga izibane ze-halogen ngokukhuselekileyo ezinokukunceda ugcine imali kwaye unikeze indlu yakho ngokukhanya okukhanyayo.