Indlela ye-PCR (i-polymerase chain response) yi "standard standard" ye-DNA diagnostics, indlela echaphazelekayo ye-biology yamathambo. Indlela ye-PCR isetyenziswe kwiyeza, i-genetics, ubugebengu kunye nezinye iindawo. Kusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye ngempumelelo ekuxilongweni kwezifo ezininzi ezithathelwanayo.
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nge-PCR
Uvavanyo lwe-PCR luvumela ukuba kungaboni nje kuphela i-pathogen ngokwayo, kodwa kunye neqhekeza elinye le-DNA yangaphandle kwizinto eziphantsi kophando. Izinto eziphenywayo (biological) ziyiyo: igazi legazi, iiseli ze-epithelial kunye nemfihlelo yecala lomzimba, isidoda, i-salive, i-sputum kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Izinto ezifunekayo ze-biological zichongwa zizifo ezityhilwayo.
Indlela ye-PCR ngexesha lethu, eqinisweni, isisombululo esinamandla sokuxilonga. Mhlawumbi inqaku elilodwa kuphela le sifundo lixabiso layo eliphezulu.
Kuluhlu lwezifo, ubukho bokuba lunokumiselwa yindlela ye-PCR:
- i-viral and bacterial pneumonia;
- isifo sofuba;
- imasisi, i-rubella, i-parotitis;
- i-hepatitis echaphazelekayo yazo zonke iifom;
- salmonellosis, i-diphtheria;
- I-Helicobacteriosis nezifo ezibangelwa izifo zamathumbu;
- Ii-STD (izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo): i-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia, i-ureaplasmosis, i-syphilis, i-AIDS, i-herpes yomzimba, i-gardnerellez kunye nabanye.
Ukuhlola i-STI usebenzisa indlela ye-PCR
Ngokungafani nohlalutyo lwendabuko, inqubo ye-PCR ivumela ukufumana izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (i-STI) nangona iimpawu zabo zingekho ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqokelela izinto zezinto eziphilayo, abafazi bahlanjululwa ngamaseli e-epithelial yecala yomlomo wesibeleko, amadoda athwala i-urethra. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, indlela ye-PCR iqhuba isifundo segazi elimnyama.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhlolwa kwe-STI ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-PCR kwenza kube lula ukuchonga:
- igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (HIV);
- i-treponemus ephahleni (i-agent engumnxeba we-syphilis);
- Intsholongwane yeHerpes simplex kunye ne-cytomegalovirus;
- ipapillomavirus yabantu (HPV);
- i-chlamydia, i-toxoplasm, i-mycoplasmas, i-ureaplasma kunye nezinye izifo zesondo.
Ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-PCR lwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, umphumo wemiphumo emibi ingabandakanywa. Ngokwahlukileyo, khankanya kufuneka kwenziwe nge-papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) kunye nokubaluleka kwendlela yokuCatshulwa kwePCR. Ngokuchasene ne-oncocytological smear, indlela ye-PCR inokumisela uhlobo oluthile lwe-HPV, ngokukhethekileyo iindidi zayo ze-oncogenic ezi-16 ne-18, ubukho obusongela umfazi onesi sifo esinzulu kwaye esibulalayo njengesifo somhlaza wesibeleko . Ukubona ngokukhawuleza kweentlobo ze-oncogenic ze-HPV ngeendlela ze-PCR zinika ithuba lokukhusela ukuphuhliswa komhlaza wesibeleko.
Uhlalutyo lwe-Immunoenzyme (ELISA) kunye ne-polymerase chain reaction (PCR): i-pluses kunye ne-minuses
Iyiphi indlela yokuxilonga ibhetele: i-PCR okanye i-ELISA? Impendulo echanekileyo yalo mbuzo ayikho, kuba ngokoqobo ukuxilongwa ngoncedo lwezi zifundo zibini kuneenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo iindlela ze-IFA kunye ne-PTSR zisetyenziselwa ubunzima.
Ukuvavanywa kwe-PCR kuyimfuneko ukucacisa i-arhente echaphazelekayo yesifo, inokufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokusuleleka, nangona kungabikho ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwesi sifo. Le ndlela ilungele ukufumana iintsholongwane ezifihlakeleyo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo zentsholongwane.
Ngokungafani neendlela ze-PCR, indlela ye-ELISA yenzelwe ukuba ingaboni i-agent engabangela ukusuleleka, kodwa iimpendulo zomzimba zomzimba, oko kukuthi, ukufumanisa ubukho kunye nemilinganiselo ye-antibodies kwi-pathogen ethile. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-antibodies ezifunyenweyo (IgM, IgA, IgG), isigaba sokuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yokusuleleka sinokumiselwa.
Zombini iindlela kunye ne-PCR, kwaye i-ELISA inokuthenjwa okuphezulu (100 no-90%, ngokulandelanayo). Kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-ELISA kwezinye iimeko lunikeza ubungqina obuxoki (ukuba umntu ugula ngesifo esithile esikhathini esidlulileyo) okanye u-negative-negative (ukuba intsholongwane yayidluliselwa nje nje).