Ukuzalwa kuhlulwe ngamaxesha amathathu: ukuvulwa komlomo wesibeleko, ngokugqithiseleyo, ngexesha le-fetus ekhishwa ngayo kunye nokulandelana. Ukwahlukana nokuphuma kwiplacenta yisigaba sesithathu sabantu abasebenzayo, esona sincinci, kodwa asikho ngaphantsi kwezona zibini. Kule nqaku, siza kujonga iimpawu zexesha lokugqibela (indlela ekhokelwa ngayo), inkcazo yempawu zokuhlula kwepentecenta, izizathu zokuhlukana ngokupheleleyo kwepalace, kunye neendlela zokwahlula i-afterbirth kunye namalungu ayo.
Iimpawu zepentecenta
Emva kokuzalwa komntwana, kufuneka umntwana azalwe. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba akukho naluphi na umele ukutsalathisa intambo yomthi ukukhawulezisa le nkqubo. Isilungiso esilungileyo sokuvalelwa sisicelo sonyaka sangaphambili kwisantya. Ukunyuka kwebele kushukumisa umkhiqizo we-oxytocin, obangela ukunciphisa isisu kunye nokuhlukana kwepentecenta. Ukulawulwa kwe-intravenous okanye ye-intramuscular of small amounts of oxytocin kwandisa kwakhona ukuhlukana kwe-placenta. Ukuqonda ukuba ukuhlukana kwenzeka emva koko okanye akunjalo, ungasebenzisa iimpawu ezichazwe kwi-placenta:
- Uphawu lukaSchroeder: emva kokuhlukana kwepentecenta, isibeletho sikhuphuka ngaphezu kwendwangu, sinyanzela kwaye siyaphambukela ngakwesokudla;
- uphawu lwe-Alfeld: i-placenta exfoliated iya emqaleni we-cervix okanye i-vagin, ngelixa inxalenye yangaphandle yesondlo ijikeleza ngo-10-12 cm;
- xa i-placenta ihlukaniswe, izivumelwano zesibindi kwaye zenza umtsalane phezu kwethambo le-pubic;
- uphawu lweMikulich: emva kokuhlukana kwepentecenta kunye nokuncipha kwayo kwindoda ebesetyhini, kukho isidingo sokuxhatshazwa;
- Ububungqina bukaKlein: xa ululula umfazi osebenzayo, intambo yomlenze iyalula. Ukuba i-placenta yahlula, emva kokunyanzeliswa kwentambo ingashenxwanga;
- uphawu lukaKyustner-Chukalov: xa ugxininisa isithandabuzi phezu kwe-pubic symphysis kunye ne-placenta ehlukeneyo, intambo ye-umbilical ayiyi kutsalwa.
Ukuba ukuzalwa komntwana kuqhubeka ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kulandelayo kuya kwahlula ngaphandle kwemizuzu engama-30 emva kokuxothwa komntwana.
Izindlela zokuzihlukanisa emva kokutshatyalaliswa okwehlukeneyo
Ukuba i-placenta ehlukileyo ayizalwanga, ke izakhono ezizodwa zisetyenziselwa ukukhawuleza ukukhululwa kwayo. Okokuqala, ukwandisa izinga lokulawulwa kwe-oxytocin kwaye luququzelele ukukhululwa kweendlela zangaphandle. Emva kokukhupha isisu, umama unikezelwa ukuba asebenze, ngelixa ezininzi kwiindawo ezihambayo emva kokunikezelwa. Ukuba oku akunakunceda, sebenzisa indlela ye-Abraham, apho ububele bubuhlungu buhlungu, bukhuthaza iziphambano zayo. Emva koko, isisu sokubeleka sithathwa ngezandla zombini kwisithuba eside kwaye sinikezela ukuxhatshazwa, emva koko oku kufuneka kuzalwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamagama kunye neentambo
Ukususwa kwincwadi yamaplacenta kwenziwa ngokungahambi kakuhle kweendlela zangaphandle okanye ukusola kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinqeni emva kokubeletha. Izibonakaliso zokuhlukana ngokucacileyo kwipentecenta ziphuma kumgangatho wesithathu wabasebenzi ngokungekho impawu yokuhlukana kwepentecenta. Isalathiso sesibini kungabikho kokuhlukana kweparcenta ngaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30 ngokungahambi kakuhle kweendlela zangaphandle zokuhlukana kwepentecenta.
I-Technique yokususwa ngokukhawuleza kwepentecenta
Ngesandla sasekhohlo, iindlela zokhokho zitshintshiwe, kwaye ilungelo lifakwe kwisibilini sesisu, kwaye, ukususela kumbhobho wesobunxele wesibindi, i-placenta ihlukaniswe kunye nokunyakaza kwe-sawing. Umdlali wesigqirha kufuneka abambe phantsi kwesibindi ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo. Ukuhlolwa komqulu wesigxina se-uterine kuqhutyelwa emva kokuzalwa emva kokuhlukana kunye neziphene ezichongiweyo, ngokuphuma kumgangatho wesithathu wabasebenzi.
Emva kokufunda kuyacaca ukuba, nangona ixesha elifutshane lexesha lesithathu labasebenzi, ugqirha akafanele aphumle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolisise ngokugqithiseleyo ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide kwaye uqinisekise ubungqina balo. Ukuba emva kokuzalwa, iinxalenye zepentecenta zihlala kwisibeleko, oku kunokukhokelela ekuphazamiseni ukuphaphaza nokukhupha kwixesha lokugqibela.