Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izityalo, iikomkom zihlala zihlaselwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo-izifo ezithathelwanayo, i-fungal, ibhaktheriya. Ezi zifo zenza umonakalo omkhulu kwenkcubeko, ukungayinaki yonke imizamo yabalimi beloli kunye nokunciphisa isivuno.
Ukuze ukwazi ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ingozi kwaye ukuqonda ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kufuneka ukwazi ngezifo ezinokuthi zikhuphe ukhuphe. Kule nqaku, siza kujonga zezifo izikhukhamba , kwaye sifumane indlela yokujongana nazo.
Izifo eziphambili zamakhukhamba kunye nezilungiselelo ezivela kubo
Ngoko, eziqhelekileyo zezi zifo zilandelayo:
- Isifo sophodosi sichaphazela iimbumba zekhukhamba ngokuqhelekileyo. Kubukeka ngathi inkcubeko enesifo yile ndlela ilandelayo: amaqabunga kunye neziqu zamakhukhamba ahlanganiswe ngepaki ezimhlophe okanye ezinokugqithisa ngendlela yendawo ekugqibeleni ikhula ngayo. Emva koko iqabunga liqala ukujika kwaye lome, kwaye i-fruiting iphela. Isifo sogonyamelo sichaphazela izityalo ezijongene nokungabikho kokunyamezela okanye ukushisa, kunye nokugqithisa kwe-nitrogen fertilizer. Ngokuchasene nesi sifo, i-fungicides "I-Topaz", "i-Topsin", i-sulfur colloidal, i-oxychloride yobhedu, isilumkiso sabantu: i-mullein infusion, ubisi obomuncu buxutywe ngamanani alinganayo ngamanzi, isisombululo se-baking soda kunye nesepha yokuhlamba.
- I-Peronosporosis, okanye i-downy mildew , isifo esiyingozi sefungal. Iyakucasulwa ngokutyilisa isityalo ngamanzi abandayo, ukunyuka kwezityalo, ukungagcinwa kweendlela zokulima. Xa i-peronosporose kumaqabunga amakhukhamba kubonakala amabala amancinci ombala obomvu. Ngethuba lexesha, inani labo landa, njengokuba ubukhulu bamabala ngokwabo, kwaye amaqabunga aya kubomvu aze abune. I-Downy powdery isikhutha sinokuchaphazela isityalo kuyo nayiphi na inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwayo. Njenge "i-ambulensi" ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo, vumela nayiphi na isondlo kunye nokunisela iikomkom, kwaye isityalo siphathwa ngesisombululo eshushu esinokutshiza i-chloride okanye i-Bordeaux fluid (umxube we-sulphate yethusi kunye ne-lime).
- Enye i-ode kwisifo sekhukhamba, zombini uhlaza kunye nokuhlwayelwa kwiimeko ezivulekile zomhlaba, i- cladosporium . Ichaphazela iziqhamo kunye neziqhamo zesityalo, ezifakwe izilonda ezinobumba obomvu, iintsuku ezimbalwa ziba mnyama kwaye zikhulayo ngobukhulu. Amaqabunga amakhukhamba agutyungelwe ngamancinci amancinci, atshaba kwaye awa. Kuba le cladosporium idla ngokuba ngummandla omnquma omninzi. Isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwe-cladosporium yi-spores ye-fungus, egcina iindawo zokuhlala eziseleyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ukunceda ukhukhamba unqobelele esi sifo esiyingozi, esinokuphazamisa isivuno sonke, kufuneka uthabathe oku kulandelayo. Yeka ukutyilisa iintsuku eziliqela, ngexesha lokuzama ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa (ukuvala i-greenhouse ebusuku okanye izithambiso ezithintekayo ngefilimu). Kufuneka kwiikomkom ezigulayo kunye nonyango ngamalungiselelo akhethekileyo: ingaba "Oksihom", podzazol, i-0.4% isisombululo se-chloride yethusi okanye i-1% isisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid.
- Ukubola kwe-White, okanye i-sclerotinia , kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Kwizityalo ezichaphazelekayo ziqala ukubonakala zivela emzimbeni omhlophe womvelaphi wokungcwaba, okwenza kube mnyama. Iimpawu zihlanganiswe ngengubo emhlophe eqhubekayo, ibe yincinci kwaye ithambile, ize ibuye. Njengoko unyango lwesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunqumla iindawo ezichaphazelekayo kwiimpawu eziphilileyo, kwaye unqande amacandelo ngamalahle. Isisombululo sesondlo (umxube we-urea, i-sulfate yethusi, i-zinc sulphate kunye namanzi) unikwa kwakhona kwiikomkom ezigulayo.
- Xa kuvela i- grey, iinxalenye zesityalo zihlanganiswe ngamathala aluhlaza kunye neengubo eziluhlaza. Isifo sesibhakteria sibonakala ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi kunye nokuhla kwexesha elifanayo. Ukuba i-gray rot is found, onke amaqabunga achaphazelekayo, iziqu kunye neziqhamo kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye amacandelo aphathwe nge-fungicide "Bayleton" okanye "Rovral".
Ngoku uyazi indlela yokukhusela ukhukhamba kwizifo. Yaye ukuba iingxaki ezinjalo azikukhathazi kunye nokutshala kwakho, qiniseka ukuba ugcine ukujikeleza kwezityalo, ungatshala iikomkom endaweni enye (zingabuyiselwa kwibhede endala ngaphambilana neminyaka engama-4), kwaye amanzi amanzi athile rhoqo ngamanzi afudumele.
