Izifundo zeLebhu rhoqo ziba sisiseko sokufumanisa izifo zentsholongwane. Banceda ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga isifo, banika unyango. Makhe sihlolisise ngokungakumbi inkcazo efana ne-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko, ukuba yintoni, kukuxelela ngempawu zovavanyo.
I-Cytology yomlomo wesibeleko - yintoni na?
I-cytology yotywala yomlomo wesibeleko ibhekisela kwiindlela zokuxilonga zebhubhoratri. Ngoxa uncediswa oogqirha bakhe basungula isakhiwo senqanawa yomlomo wesibeleko. Ukuthetha nge-cytology yokufunda yomlomo wesibeleko, uchaza ukuba yintoni, oogqirha baqaphela ukuba enye yeentlobo zawo yayisetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-20, ngu-Papa wamaGrike. Igama lakhe namhlanje libizwa ngokuba ngumvavanyo - uphando lwe-cytological of the cervix, uvavanyo lwe-PAP. Ukumiselwa kwesakhiwo seeseli, ukufunyanwa kwezakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo se-atypical, sibonisa umdlavuza wesantya.
Yintoni i-cytology ye-cervix bonisa?
Uviwo lwe-Cytological of the cervix lubonisa imeko yomsele wentsholongwane, isalathisi saso. Xa izinto ezincinci, oogqirha bavavanya isakhiwo seeseli ezifakela. Ingqwalasela ibhekiswe kubukhulu, ubungakanani kunye nokusekwa kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zamaselula. Yiyo ndlela ukuxilongwa kweenkqubo ezinjenge-tumor kumanyathelo okuqala, kunye namazwe angqalileyo, ayenziwa. Ukuthetha malunga nophando olunjalo, njenge-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko, oko kukuthi, oogqirha babonisa ukuba banokuzikhethela ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba leprogram ye-pathological process.
Ukhetha nini i-cytology?
Uhlalutyo lwalo hlobo lwesifo somzimba lunconywa ukuba luyenze ngokulandelelana emva kokuba intombazana ifinyelele kwiminyaka engama-21. Ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30, uviwo luqhutywa kanye emva kweminyaka emithathu, ngaphandle kokuba iziphumo zangaphambili ziqhelekileyo. Emva kweminyaka engama-65, ukuhlolwa komhlaza wesibeleko, i-cytology yamanzi, akuvumelekanga ukuba loo mfazi uye waba nemiphumo emi-3 engadluli kwiminyaka eyi-10 edluleyo. I-cytology ye-Fluid ye-cervix yenziwa nge:
- ucwangciso lokukhulelwa ;
- ukuhanjiswa rhoqo (3-4 ukuhanjiswa kwiminyaka emi-4 edlulileyo);
- ekuzalweni kokuqala kokuqala (ukufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-18);
- ngexesha lokuhamba emva kwexesha;
- isiteji se- intrauterine ;
- ukungabikho kwolu vavanyo kwangaphambili, okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokuxilonga zengqondo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-3;
- ukungahambelani phakathi kweziphumo zengqungquthela yolwazi oludlulileyo (ubukho beeseli ezingama-atypical);
- Ubukho beenguqu ezibonakalayo zesakhiwo kwizitho zomzimba xa zijongwa kwizibuko - i-cytology xa ukukhulelwa komlomo wesibeleko kunquma imbangela yesifo;
- umthwalo we-anamnesis ngokubakho kwezifo ze-oncological kwizihlobo.
Ukulungiselela i-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko
Ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo lwe-cytological ye-cervical smears ukuba ibe nomphumo ochanekileyo kunye nesigqibo, isiguli kufuneka sigcine imiqathango ethile. Ngoko ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological kwinqanawa yomlomo kubandakanya:
- Ukukhutshwa kwezitshixo kunye neebhafu iintsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqokelela;
- Kwiintsuku ezi-3 phambi kokuphathwa kakubi ngaphandle kwesondo;
- ukuvinjelwa kokusetyenziswa kweetampu zezempilo, ikhandlela okanye iipilisi, izicwenga zesini ngeentsuku ezingama-5 phambi kwesisindo;
- ngomhla wenkqubo, iiyure ezingama-2 phambi kwenkqubo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukucoca.
I-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko?
I-smear kwi-cytology esuka kwisibeleko yinkqubo enyanzelekileyo yokuhlolwa kwe-gynecological. Ukuziqhuba kwikliniki, ukubonisana kwabasetyhini. Isigulane sikhona kwisihlalo somzimba. Ugqirha uchitha ngokukhawuleza kwi-outer membrane ye-cervix. Kule meko, sebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekileyo - i-Eyre spatula. Izakhiwo zamasebe ezisuka kwinqanawa yomlomo zithathwa ngoncedo lwe-endobrush - iprokhethi ekhethekileyo eneesantya esincinci.
Isampuli yezinto eziqokelelweyo zisetyenziswe kwisilayidi, zichaneke kwaye zithunyelwe kwi-laboratory. Uqhuba i-microscopy, ngaphambi kokuphazamisa i-smear. Emva kwenkqubo, iiseli ze-cervix ziyabonakala ngokucacileyo kwintsimi yombono we-microscope, kwaye isakhiwo sawo sinokuhlolwa. Ingqwalasela yomncedisi webhoratri ithathwa kwifom, igobolondo yangaphandle kunye neziqulatho zangaphakathi. Zonke iinguqu ziboniswa kwisiphelo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Cytological yesibeleko kwisivivinyo sePap kwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo.
Uviwo lwe-cytological lwe-smears ye-colervical - ukuchonga
Emva kokuqhuba isifundo esinjalo, njenge-cytology yomlomo wesibeleko, iziphumo zohlalutyo zihlolwe kuphela ngugqirha. Kule meko, oogqirha basebenzisa i-Papanicolaou classifier. Ngoncedo lokuchazwa kwayo kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo. Oogqirha bathi i-negative or result result of the study. Ookuqala ufaka ubungqina bokungabikho kwempembelelo yefuthe kwizakhiwo zamaselula, iiseli ze-atypical - ifomathi eguqukileyo, ubukhulu becala, obunokutshabalalisa, abufunyanwanga.
Ngeniphumo emihle, iinkqubo ze-pathological zibhalwe kwinkqubo yokuzala. Iiseli ezinomdla zikhoyo kwintsimi yombono we-microscope. Ngelo xesha, inani lidlula imigangatho evumelekileyo. Izinto ezinokuthi zibe nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, uhlobo, isakhiwo. Ukuqhubela phambili kule nto, ukuchazwa kwesi siphumo kuqhutyelwa, ukuxilongwa okukhuselekileyo kwenziwa.
I-Cytology ye-cervix i-uteri - isistim sokuhlalutya
Uviwo lwe-cytological of scraping of the cervix, ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwezinto ezikhoyo kwiiselula, kuyinto evamile. Kule meko, zombini ubuninzi kunye nomgangatho wezakhi ziqikelelwa. Iiseli zifaniswa nemigangatho yokuziphatha. Kwi-cytogram eyiphumela, izinto ezichazwe ngokucacileyo, ngokubhekiselele kubukhulu, isakhiwo, umxholo kunye nefomu. Ukuqhelaniswa nololu hlobo lwesifundo yinkcazelo elandelayo yenkcazo:
- I-smear iqulethe iiseli ze-epithelium ene-single-layered cylindrical epithelium;
- izakhiwo ze-epithelial ezininzi zisekho;
- amaziko ase-celylar atypical azinzileyo kummandla wombono.
Amaseli atypical kwi-cytology ye-cervix uteri
Uhlalutyo olubi lwe-cytology yentsholongwane lubonakalisa uviwo olubanzi, ukuqeshwa kwezifundo ezongezelelweyo. Ukugqalwa kokugqibela kweziphumo ze-cytology ayibonakaliswa, ngoko ke nokuba ubukho beeseli ezinama-atypical kwi-smear azikwazi ukuthathwa njengenkqubo ye-oncological. I-Atypia yamaseli igxininiswe nezophulo ezifana nale:
- inkqubo yokuvuvukala;
- keratosis;
- metaplasia;
- parakeratosis.