- Idilesi: 94143 iSaremaa, Estonia;
- Kwakhiwa: malunga ne-3470-3545 kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Kwi siqithi sase- Estonia saseKaali kukho into engaqhelekanga yendalo eyenza abakhenkethi bavela kwihlabathi lonke. Le ntsimi, ehlobisa ilitye elihle kakhulu elenziwe kwelinye lala makhonkco, lishiya apha amawaka eminyaka edlulileyo ngeemeteorite enkulu. "Iimpawu" zasendulo kwiindawo ezivela kummandla wasezulwini ovuthayo zihlanganiswe ngeengcamango ezingaqondakaliyo. Abakhangeli kuphela abathandi bemiboniso ye-geological, kodwa nabo bahambahambayo abahambahambayo abawazi ubuhle kunye nokungafani kakuhle kwamazwe ase-Estonia.
Imbali yemvelaphi yeLake Kaali
Kwakukho iingcamango ezininzi kwi siqithi saseSaaremaa ngaphambili, kwaye kwaneengcamango ezininzi zesayensi eziye zafakwa phambili malunga nemvelaphi yechweba elingaqhelekanga likaKaali.
Usenzinzululwazi uReynvald ugxininisa i-karst hypothesis, echaza ukuba ilitye leKaali alikho nto kodwa isiqwenga somhlaba esiwela phantsi kwefuthe lokukhutshwa komlambo ngemilambo engaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa xa efika echibini njengenxalenye yohambo lokuqhuba umhlaba kule ndawo efuna ityuwa, iimbono zenguqu yezolimo zatshintshile. Okuqhelekanga kwakungumfanekiso welibi kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba amanzi aqhelekileyo angahlamba i-monolithic slabs ye dolomite kunye ne-limestone. Emva koko, ngowe-1927, uRinwalwald waqala ukucetyiswa kwihlabathi elifundiweyo inguqulelo entsha yeemvelaphi zendawo e-Kaali, ehambelana nokuwa kweemeteorite emhlabeni. Ingxelo yenzululwazi yayingenanto ingqalelo, kodwa uReinvald wayejonge nje ngcamango yokubonisa indlela yakhe ye-cosmic, kwaye waphumelela ngo-1937. Sekude, phantsekile, usosayensi ugqiba isigqibo sokuba eze echibini, kwaye ekugqibeleni, inhlanhla yamomotheka kuye. Ukufaka umhlaba kumzantsi wee-craters ezincinci, uReinwald ufumanisa ubungqina beengcamango zakhe - izincinci ezincinci ezine-8.3% ye-nickel. Uhlalutyo lweengqungqutyana zifunyenwe ngokungaqiniseki - ziindawo ze-meteorite.
Emva kokuphanda ngokugqithiseleyo kwii-craters ze-Kaali, kwaqulunqwa ukuba babumba ukususela kuma-2.5 ukuya ku-7.5 kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwaye babonisa imimandla ye-meteorite enkulu leyo, ngaphambi kokufikelela eMhlabeni, yahlula ibe ngamaqela angama-9 kwaye yahlasela isiqithi saseSaaremaa ngemvula emlilweni.
Iimpawu ze-craters zikaKaali
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zazama ukuphinda zenzeke iziganeko zamaninzi eminyaka edlulileyo, kwaye umfanekiso wabuya wamangalisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubunzima beemeteorite ezifika eKaali bezingama-toni ezingama-20. Ishukunywe kwisantya se-20 km / s kwaye sahlukana kumgama weekhilomitha ezili-10 ukuya emhlabathini.
Ingqungquthela yokutshatyalaliswa okwenziwe ngxabano yayinamandla kuneyona eyabangela ukuqhuma kwebhomba eHiroshima. Umlilo ngokukhawuleza wawutshabalalisa bonke ubomi obuphakathi kwimizila engama-6 km.
Iinqununu ezinkulu kwi-meteorite zashiywe yi-9 zemibhobho:
- i-crater 1 - ifuphi kufuphi nolwandle i-Kaali (ubunzulu be-4 m, ububanzi beemitha ezingama-39);
- I-crater edibeneyo (2 no-8) -yafunyanwa kwimpembelelo emibini-ewela eziqhekeza ezimbini (ubunzulu be-2/3 m, ububanzi buka-27/36 m);
- i-crater 3 - inelitye elincinci, elililayo ehlobo (ubunzulu be-3.5 m, ububanzi be-33 m);
- i-crater 4 - imbono yangaphambili ye-funnel yatshintshwe kakhulu ngexesha lokucwanwa kwezinto zakudala, lusekufuphi kwendlela eya eKylyala;
- i-crater 5 - isondele kwinqanaba le-4, kwidlelo;
- i-crater 6 - encinane kunazo zonke (ubunzulu be-0.6 m, ububanzi buka-26 m);
- i-crater 7 - inomfanekiso oblong (ubunzulu be-1 m, ububanzi be-15 m);
- i-crater 9 - ngokwenene, i-lake eyiKaali (ubunzulu be-22 m, ububanzi be-110 m).
Yintoni enokuyenza kwiLake Kaali?
I-Craters yaseKaali zizinto ezikhethileyo ezingaqhelekanga. Ziyabonwa njengenkqubo ephezulu yeemeteorite kwiYurophu yonke, kwaye kwihlabathi phakathi kwee-craters ezincinci, iLake Kaali yindawo yesibhozo. Ngoko ke, ukutyelela le ndawo akungabi nakubaluleka.
Eyona nto enhle kwintsimi yenkqantosi eKaali ngoJulayi noAgasti. Kwiindawo ezibonakalayo eziqaqambileyo, kwaye amanzi echibini athola umthunzi we-jade omangalisayo.
Kusondele kakhulu kumntu waseKaali. Apha unako ukungena emlandweni wendawo ngokuhambela iMyuziyam yeemeteorites, kunye nokuthenga izipho ezingakhohlwayo kubahlobo kunye nezihlobo kwivenkile yokukhumbula.
Ukuba ufuna ukuhlala kule ndawo ixesha elide, ungahlala ubusuku bendwendwe endlwini. Kwintsimi yelifa kukho i-tavern ekhonza ukutya okulungileyo okumnandi wesizwe kunye nobhiya obenziwayo. Ephantse kwiimyuziyam kukho ukupaka kwamahhala.
Ndingafika njani?
Ukusuka kumhlaba ungaya kwisiqithi saseSaaremaa ngomoya, ibhasi okanye imoto. Ngomzila owenzayo.
Ukuba uhamba ngeemoto, emva kokuphuma kwinqanawa, landela umgwaqo uNow.10. Indawo ephawulekayo kuyo i- Kuressaare , kodwa akudingeki ukuba ufikelele kuyo. Kufuneka ujike umgwaqo omkhulu malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 phambi kweKressaare. Ukulandela ngokunyameko imiqondiso, basendleleni eya kuKaali ngokwaneleyo ukuba bangaphambuki.