Ngokuqinisekileyo, phakathi kwethu kukho abo baziyo ukuba ii-peas "azizalwanga" kwiisini, kodwa zikhula emasimini, zivuthwe kwiipods eziluhlaza. Kwaye ukuba ufumane iibhotile kwiishefu, ekuqaleni kufuneka uchithe amandla amaninzi ukukrazula ngaphandle komhlaba.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba i-sesame ephilileyo, umthombo we-calcium? Okanye ipapinapple? Kuthekani malunga ne-cashews, i-almond kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezingekho mveliso, ngamanye amagama, yummy, engakhula kummandla wethu?
1. Imbewu yembewu yeesame
Lapho ikhula khona: i- sesame, njengoko ibizwa kwakhona, ikhulile eNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika, e-Arabia, ePakistan, kumazwe aseMntla naMazantsi-mpuma ase-Asia, eCaucasus.
Indlela yokukhula: ikhula kwihlabathi e-loamy, ifuthe kwi-17 ° C. Kutyalwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukuvunwa ngoSeptemba, ixesha apho amaqabunga esesame ephuzi kwaye ewa.
Njengoko ivuthwa: imbewu ivelisa kwezinye iibhokisi, eziza kuthi zivuthiwe, zivule ngokukhawulelana kancinci kwintetho encinci.
2. Amanqatha
Lapho ikhula khona: ummango uvela eMzantsi Melika, namhlanje ukhule eningizimu ye-Ukraine, e-Uzbekistan, eTajikistan, kwiiRiphabliki zaseTranscauan, kwi-Krasnodar Territory.
Indlela yokukhula: isityalo sonyaka sakhula kakuhle kwiqondo lokushisa lika-27 ° C. Ivuthwa phantsi komhlaba. Izithombo zivela ngoMeyi, ngo-Juni-Agasti nangona phakathi koSeptemba. Inkqubo yokuqokelela ifana nokumba amazambane. Isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ngoSeptemba-Oktobha.
Njengoko ivuthwa : iipinanisi zivuthwa kwi-pericarp evuvukileyo kwaye ekhunizayo, ekhumbuza i-capsule, esuswa xa ihluthe.
3. iCranberries
Lapho ikhula khona: eRussia ikhula i-cranberries yeentlobo ezincinci (i-tundra, i-tundra ehlathini, iindawo ezisemntla) kunye neziqhelekileyo (ezantsi kweVolga, eCaucasus, Kuban), ngasentla kweParis, eNyakatho Melika. Ama-cranberries amakhulu amakhulu akhula kwiintaba zaseAppalachian.
Indlela yokukhula: ityalwe kwindawo yomhlaba eyomileyo ngesimo semivini enwabuzelayo. Izithombo zivela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kwaye zibe nombala obomvu obala obomvu. Unyaka ngamnye, ukususela kwisityalo esinye ukuya kwintsimi, abalimi abajikelezayo baqokelela amajikidi angamakhulu amaninzi. Ukuqala kokuqokelelwa nguSeptemba, isigaba sesibini nguNovemba kwaye yesithathu iyawa entwasahlobo.
Njengoko ikhula: ubuhlalu be-ruby bufihla kufuphi nomhlaba phantsi kwezinto ezihlaza.
4. I-Cashew
Lapho ikhula khona: I- nut yeNdiya, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba yiyo, ivela kwiBrazil. Ukwangoku, ikhulile e-Indonesia, eNtshona, eMzantsi Afrika, eIndiya, e-Iran, eAzerbaijan.
Indlela yokukhula: lo mthi onesiqhelo udla ngokuphakama kuma-13 m, kwaye ama-tropiki alula ukuya kuma-30 m. Awuthobekanga kwinkathalo, kodwa uloyiko lweqabunga. Imbewu ehlumekileyo ityalwe kumhlaba onomsoco, ocolileyo. I-Cashew ikhula ngokuzithandela kwisalathisi selanga kunye nomthunzi onobuhlanga.
Njengoko ivuthwa: ngokubonakala, isiqhamo esivuthiweyo sibonakala njenge-apula, apho kuthiwa ngezinye iixesha ngokuthi i-apple cashew. Abasebenzi baqokelela ngokuqhotyoshelweyo iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo (unyaka-malunga ne-30 000), ukukhumbuza ifomma, ifakwe elangeni, kwaye ihlambuluke kwi-shell. Ngendlela, phakathi kwegobolondo eliphezulu kunye neyona nto iqukethe i-resin phenolic resin, leyo, ekufikeni kwesikhumba, inokubangela ukubonakala kokutshisa.
5. Iipistachios
Lapho ikhula khona: indawo yokuzalwa yalo mthi omncinci yimimandla yeentaba zantsi-ntshona-ntshona kunye ne-Asia ephakathi, entshonalanga yeTurkmenistan, Afghanistan kunye nenyakatho ye-Iran. Ngoku zikhula eU.SA, eCrimea, eCaucasus.
Indlela yokukhula: yenzakazela lo mthi ngokucoca. Ikhula kwi-stony, umhlaba ohluphekileyo. Unokumelana nesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni ukuya kwi -25 ° C, isomiso, kwaye ngaphandle kokungathobeki kwinkathalo. I-Pistachio ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-almondi eluhlaza. Ikhula ukuya kwi-10 m. Iziqhamo zivela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi-ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba.
Njengoko ivuthwa: ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-husk efaka umnqweno ibuthathaka, isivuno siqala. Umthi kufuneka ugungqiswe kancinci ukwenzela ukuba iipistachios ziwele phantsi. Enye enye i-almondi eluhlaza inganika i-24 kg yeepeyinti ezihlutshiwe.
6. Inanatha
Lapho ikhula khona: iParaguay kunye nezantsi kweBrazil. Namhlanje, ezininzi iipineapples zinyuka kwi-Asia-mpuma. I-Thailand iyinkokeli yehlabathi ekuthumeni kwesi sityalo esineziqhamo.
Indlela yokukhula: kwiindawo ezityalwa kwi-cuttings ezityalwe phantsi komhlaba ezingaphezu kwama-20 cm phezulu. Ukuze ufumane isivuno esihle, izityalo ziphathwa nge-acetylene, ephazamisa ukusila kweminathaphu. Esi siqhamo singasinda kwisomiso. Ngendlela, akakhuli kumthi wesundu, baninzi bakholwa, kodwa emhlabathini njengeklabishi. Ientyatyambo ziqala unyaka kunye nesiqingatha emva kokutyala. Umntwana uqala ukwakha iinyanga ezi-3-6.
Njengoko livuthwa: ukusuka kwipinapapu ephakamileyo ivelisa i-inflorescence, ukuvuthwa kweentyantyambo. Kule mihla yenziwe ama-berries, apho, xa ezaliswe iJusi, ivaliwe kwaye yakha isityalo esineentyantyambo.
7. Ubhontshisi beCocoa
Lapho ikhula khona: umthi wecokoleti, igama lesibili leembotyi ze-cocoa, likhulile kwi-Central America, e-Afrika. Ngoku umlimi owona mkhulu nguCote d'Ivoire. Indawo yesibini ihlala i-Indonesia. Emva kwayo iya eBhali, inxalenye ephambili kunye nempuma yeyona nto ifanelekileyo ekukhuleni ubhontshisi be-cocoa. Ababoneleli nabo baquka amazwe alandelayo: iGhana. EBrazil, eNigeria, e-Ecuador, e-Malaysia, eColombia, eCameroon.
Indlela yokukhula: umthi ufinyelela ubude beemitha ezili-15. Uqala ukuqhakaza kwiminyaka emi-5, kwaye isiqhamo sithatha emva kweminyaka engama-30-80. Isivuno esikhulu kakhulu siyabonakala kwimithi emdala engama-12. Ukuvuna kuqokelelwa kabini ngonyaka: owokuqala-ekupheleni kwexesha lemvula, okwesibini, ukugqibela-ngaphambi kokuqala kweli xesha.
Njengoko livuthwa: isiqhamo esikhulu ukuya kwi-20 cm ubude, esakhiwe njengekhukhamba kunye nemon. Ekuqaleni luhlaza. Emva kwexesha, kuba maroon emnyama, kwaye ivuthwe ngokupheleleyo - ephuzi ephuzi. Imbewu emikhulu ingaphakathi kwesiqhamo ngesikhumba esinzima. Zizungezwe i-pulp eyanandi kwaye enomhlaza, equle malunga nama-50 wee-cocoa.
8. Izihluma zaseBrussels
Lapho ikhula khona: yayiseMeditera, itholakala kwiklabishi enamagqabi. Iyalinywa eNtshona Yurophu, eCanada, e-USA nakwiindawo eziphambili zaseRashiya.
Indlela yokukhula: ityalwe kwimihlaba enomlambo i-loamy, izaliswe ngento ebalulekileyo, ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi okanye ekuqaleni koJuni. Ukuvuna kukuphela kukaSeptemba.
Njengoko ivuthwa: ijikelezo ze-cylindrical stems ifom ifom yeepopepod. Esinye isityalo esinjalo sisuka kwi-20-40 okanye ngaphezulu kochanchikov enesisindo esingu-8-15 g.
9. Vanilla
Lapho ikhula khona: umlimi owona mkhulu nguMadagascar. Emva kokuya eChina nase-Indonesia.
Indlela yokukhula: i- vanilla ibhekisela kwi-lianas yentsapho yaseOrchid. Ukuze akhule, unamathele kumthi othethekileyo, owenza umthunzi kunye nesiphumo sokubamba ukushisa. I-Vanilla ithanda ukuhlamba okuphezulu kunye nokufudumala. Le liana ikhula iminyaka 10-12. Ukudala ii-pods ze-vanilla ezizayo, zithathwa ngomoya. I-vanilla engagqitywanga ikhutshwe kwaye ixhomekeke ekusebenziseni ixesha elide.
Njengemifuno: phakathi kweJuni kwimigodi yemidiya ikhula ukuya kuma-22 cm ubude. Emva kokuba baqokelelwe, baxutywa ngamanzi abilayo, bembethe iingubo kwaye bahamba usuku. Emva koko zomile elangeni malunga neeyure ezingama-5. Ngeli xesha iipods "zinciphisa ubunzima" ngamaxesha angama-7. Emva koko zihlonywa ngosayizi, zifakwe kwiimpahla kwaye zithunyelwa kwintengiso. Ngoku uqala ukuqonda ukuba kutheni i-vanilla pods ibiza kakhulu.
10. ii-almond
Lapho ikhula khona: eCrimea, eAsia, eCaucasus, e-Himalaya, eTien Shan, e-USA, eTajikistan, kwaSirayeli.
Njengoko ikhulile: i- almondi ikhula kuphela kwi-stony kunye nemithambeka enemihlaba. Uthando oluthandayo kwaye ukhetha inhlabathi eyityebi kwi-calcium. Kutyalwe ekwindla okanye ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. I-shrub ekuphakameni kwe-4-6 m inqabunga ngoMatshi-uEpreli, kwaye iziqhamo zivela ngoJuni-Julayi. Ukhula luqala ngeminyaka engama-4 ukuya ku-5 kwaye luhlala kwiminyaka engama-50. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-almond yomthi ifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-130 ubudala.
Njengoko ivuthwa: isiqhamo somile, sinevnvst odnokostyanku. Ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, igobolondo yama-alimondi avuthiweyo. Emva kweveki ezi-3, i-pericarp iyaba yomekile kwaye ixhaswe kwi-bone edaywayo. Isivuno ngokwawo sivunwa ngeentonga 4 m ubude kunye ngoncedo lwamanetha amakhulu ajikeleze umthi, kwaye ke abasebenzi baqala ukudubula phezu kwabo isivuno. Iimamondi eziqokelelweyo ziqala ukuhlenga.