Usapho lwabazali

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba namhlanje iintsapho ezikhulayo ziye zaphela ukuba zithathwe njengento engaphandle kwezenhlalakahle. Intsapho kunye nabangatshatanga, nakwamanye amazwe - izibini zabantu abafana ngesini esifanayo, bavakalise umnqweno wokuthatha umntwana kumntwana osapho. Ukukhuliswa kwabantwana kwiintsapho ezisezintsapho kuqikelelwe, okokuqala, ngunyaka womntwana owamkelweyo. Kusuka kwinto enye, iingxaki zentsapho ekhulayo zixhomekeka.

Iintsapho zentsapho kunye nosana olutsha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsapho nganye yokwamkela ikhetha ukufumana umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa - nangona ukuba oku kuya kubangela ubunzima kubazali besikhathi esizayo. Njengoko uyazi, iinyanga ezi-ezintandathu zokuqala zingumntwana ngexesha elixhomekeke kakhulu kunina. Kwaye kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintathu zobomi, ukuncelisa kunika umntwana uncedo olusisigxina - umzekelo, ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo se-asthma okanye i-gastroenteritis nge-33%.

Ngaloo ndlela, iimpawu zentsapho ekhulayo kulo mzekelo iboniswa kukuba abazali abatsha kuya kufuneka baxubushe nomama wengqondo yomntwana ngezinga elithile, ukuba kunokwenzeka. Into enjalo inokubangela ukuba abazali abavayo babe nomuzwa wokungaqiniseki kunye nokwesaba okuthile.

Le imeko eqhelekileyo iboniswe yiengcali, yinto engxaki yokuqala yentsapho ekhutshulayo eyithatha umntwana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abazali abangabantwana kufuneka bakhumbule ukuba kukho inkonzo yokuxhasa ngokwengqondo kwiintsapho ezikhuselekileyo, ezo iingcali eziza kubancedisa ukujamelana neengxaki eziye zavela.

Umntwana osemncinci kwintsapho yolutsha

Isigqibo sokuthabatha umntwana kwintsapho ekhulayo kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokukodwa xa ixhala ngabantwana abadala. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, abazali abavuthiweyo bahlala bejongene nesimo sokunganakwa kunye nokukhanyela ukuba umntwana angathatha.

Umonde omkhulu kunye neengqiqo zifuna umntwana osetsheni. Umntwana wale minyaka uqonda abazali bakhe abatsha kunye nabazali abavayo (ngakumbi umama!) Ngeendlela ezimbini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngumfazi owamnakekelayo nothando, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ngaphandle kokuthanda kwakhe, udibene nomama wakhe wezinto eziphilayo, owamngcatshayo waza wamshiya.

Umntwana osemncinci kwintsapho engumntwana unomdla ngakumbi kunabantwana abancinci, evakalelwa ngeemvakalelo ezilandelayo:

• ukwesaba okungaziwa;
• uloyiko lokuba ngoku okanye kwikamva eliza kuhlala lincinci - njengokuba kwenzeke naye ngaphambili, nabazali bakhe.

Ngoko ke, iingongoma ezisemgangathweni zokukhuliswa kwintsapho ekhulayo kufuneka zijonge ukuba zijoliswe ekuhlawuleleni ezo ntswelo kumntwana. Njani ukufezekisa oku? Iingcali zikhomba iingongoma ezimbini:

• Abazali abathobelayo akufanele babonise ukunakekelwa kwengqondo ngokumalunga nomntwana;
• Abazali abangabantwana kufuneka bakhululeke ngokupheleleyo kwiimvakalelo zecala okanye ukuzisola phambi komntwana, ngaphandle kokuzama ukugcina impendulo yezenzo zabazali bakhe bezinto eziphilayo.

Uxelela njani umntwana ukuba uhlala kwintsapho?

Kuliphi ixesha elingcono ukuba umntwana akhulume malunga nokwamkelwa kunye nokuhlala kwintsapho? Namhlanje, bonke oogqirha beengqondo bavumelana ngento enye: yenza oko xa umntwana eselula. Ngokubhekiselele kwikota echanekileyo, iingcamango zeengcali ziyahluka. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha eli-8. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulinda ade umntwana aphendukele iminyaka eyi-11 ubudala, kuba ngeli xesha umntwana sele sele akwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza izigqibo ezicacileyo kunye nesemantic ngesiseko sezigqibo.

Nangona kunjalo, bobabini bayavuma ukuba ulwazi kumntwana mazingeniswe ngokuthe ngcembe, ngoncedo lwezivakalisi ezintle eziphindaphindiweyo okanye izenzo - umzekelo, ukunyamezela umntwana okanye ukumfundela incwadi yakhe ayithandayo kwimeko yokuzola nokufudumala.

Nangona kunjalo, intsapho yokwakheka kufuneka ilungiselelwe ukuba umntwana uya kuthatha iindaba zokumkelwa kwakhe ngokungenangqondo. Ukuphendula kwakhe kungabonakaliswa ngokuziphatha okungcolileyo kunye nobudlova-bobabini ngokumalunga nabazali bakhe abamkeleyo, kunye nabazali bakhe bezinto eziphilayo okanye abangaziwayo kuye.

Iingcali zichaza oku ngokuthi emva kokuba le nkcazelo umntwana aziva enetyala, engaziphi na icala eliza kuthatha. Kubonakala kuye ukuba, ngokubathanda abazali bakhe abatsha kunye nabazali abangabantwana, uyabathengela abazali bakhe bezinto eziphilayo kunye nokunye. Bakholelwa ukuba ukuphendula okunjalo kubhekisela kwimpawu zesifo se-post-traumatic syndrome (PTSD). Iingxoxo ezicokisekileyo kunye nezingqinisiso abazali kufuneka bafunde ngokuthe ngcembe umntwana kumbono wokuthi ukumkelwa kwakhe ngumsebenzi wothando kubo. Uyakwazi ukuthetha ngobomi babantwana kwimimandla ekhuselekileyo kunye neenkedama, ukuthelekisa nobomi babantwana kwiintsapho ezikhulayo.

Ukuba ngaba abazali abanakunceda umntwana wabo ngokwabo, kufuneka baqhagamshelane nenkonzo enika uncedo lwengqondo kwiintsapho ezikhulayo.

Usapho lwabazali kunye noMthetho

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe umntwana kumntwana okhulayo, kufuneka ufunde ngeZenzo zoMthetho ezenza ukuba inkqubo yokwamkelwa. Ngokwemigqaliselo eyisiseko, ziyafana neRashiya ne-Ukraine. Nazi ezi ngundoqo.

Ngokutsho kwe-RSFSR:

Isiqendu 127. Abantu abanelungelo lokuba ngabazali abasamkelayo

1. 1. I-Adopters ingaba ngabantu abadala besini, ngaphandle kwe:

• Abantu baqatshelwe njengabantu abangenako ngokusemthethweni okanye abangafanelekanga ngokusemthethweni;
• abatshatileyo, omnye wabo obonwa yinkantolo ngokungenakulungele ngokomthetho okanye ngokungahambi kakuhle ngokomthetho;
• Abantu banqatshelwe amalungelo abo kubazali okanye banqunywe yinkantolo ngamalungelo omzali;
• abantu abakhutshwe kwimisebenzi yomgcini (umphathiswa) ukwenzela ukusebenza okungafanelekanga kwemisebenzi ebekwe kuye ngomthetho;
• abazali bokuqala, xa ukutholwa komntwana kukhishwa yinkantolo ngesiphoso sabo;
• abantu abaye bahlawulwa okanye bathathwe ngokushushiswa kobugebengu (ngaphandle kwabantu abasetyenziselwa ukutshutshiswa kwezobugebengu ngenxa yezizathu zokuvuselela) ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kubomi kunye nempilo, inkululeko, inhlonipho nesidima somntu (ngaphandle kokufakwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwisibhedlele seengqondo, ukunyundela kunye nokuhlambalaza), ukuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini kunye nenkululeko yecala lomntu, malunga nentsapho kunye nabantwana, impilo yoluntu kunye nokuziphatha komphakathi, kunye noluntu ukhuseleko th;
• - abantu abahlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingahambelani nemigangatho yezobisi kunye nezobugcisa kunye nemigangatho.

Isiqendu 128. Ukwahlukana kuminyaka phakathi komntwana kunye nomntwana owamkelweyo

1. Uhlu lobudala phakathi komntwana ongatshatanga kunye nomntwana owamkelweyo kufuneka abe ubuncinane ubuneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala. Ngenxa yezizathu ezibonakalayo enkundleni, ukuhlukana kweminyaka kunokuncitshiswa.
2. Xa umntwana esamkelwa ngu-stepfather (umama wesibini), umda wobudala obuswe ngumhlathi 1 wale nqaku awunyanzelwanga.
3. Ukupheliswa kwekhontrakthi yentsapho yolondolozo kwenzeka kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

Isiqendu 141. Izizathu zokupheliswa komntwana

1. Ukwamukelwa komntwana kunokupheliswa kwimeko apho abazali abamukeliyo bebalekela ukufezekisa imisebenzi yabazali ababelwe yona, baxhaphaze amalungelo omzali, baxhaphaze umntwana owamkelweyo, abagula ukusetyenziswa kotywala obungapheliyo okanye ukuxhatshazwa kweziyobisi.
2. Inkundla inelungelo lokukhansela ukwamkelwa komntwana kunye nakwezinye izizathu ngokubhekiselele kwiminqweno yomntwana kwaye ingqalelo ngombono womntwana.

Isiqendu 142. Abantu abanegunya lokucela ukukhanselwa koKwamkelwa komntwana

Unelungelo lokufuna ukupheliswa komntwana okwamkelwa ngabazali bakhe, abazali abavayo bomntwana, umntwana owamkelweyo ofikelele kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine, umbutho wokulondoloza kunye ne-trusteeship, kunye nomtshutshisi.

EUkraine:

Awukwazi ukumkela umntu:

• banako ukukwazi, abanakho;
• ukunyanzelwa kwamalungelo omzali;
• Abantu ababesebenamkela kunye nokuthotyelwa kwamalungu abo bepheliswe ngephutha labo;
• ababhaliswe okanye baphathwa kwi-dispensary ye-psychoneurological or narcological;
• ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye neziyobisi;
• engenazo indawo yokuhlala ngonaphakade kunye nengeniso engapheliyo;
• Abanye abantu abanomdla wabo ochasene neemfuno zomntwana.

Inzuzo yokuthobela inikwe izihlobo, abantu abafumana abazalwana kunye nodade abaninzi, abemi baseUkraine kunye nezibini ezitshatileyo.

Naliphina umsebenzi wokumanyanzela oshishino ohambelana nokuthotyelwa kwe-Ukraine awuvumelekile.

Ukwamukelwa kudinga imvume yomntwana, ngaphandle kweemeko xa umntwana engakwazi ukubonisa uluvo kwixesha okanye imeko yezempilo.

Kwakhona kunyanzelekile ukuba umgcini / umgcini / umntwana wengane amkelwe ukuba amkelwe, nangona ukuba imvume enokufunyanwa yisigqibo segunya lokugcinwa okanye inkundla (kwimeko yokwamkela kwimfuno yomntwana).

Isigqibo senkundla malunga nokumkelwa senziwa ngokuqwalasela imeko yezempilo, imeko kunye nentsapho yabantwana abavayo, isisusa sokwamkela umntwana, ubuntu kunye nempilo yomntwana, ngexesha apho ummamkeli esele wayenakekela umntwana, isimo sengqondo somntwana malunga nabazali abamkeleyo.

Inkundla ayinalo ilungelo lokungavumi ukumkela ngenxa yokuba i-adopters sele ikhona okanye ingaba nomntwana.