Izifo eziyingozi kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu ngezihlandlo zizenza zizive. Ngokuqinisekileyo banokutshabalalisa abaninzi balabemi behlabathi.
Kuze kube ngoku, kwanamachiza amaninzi anamhlanje angenakunceda ngaphambi kokuqala kwezi zifo ezibi.
1. Intsholongwane ye-Influenza
Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwaye ingenakonakala kwimeko yokujonga umntu ongahambelani neyeza, isifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo. Unyaka wonke, izigidi zabantu abasuleleke isifo esithathelwanayo sephepha lokuphefumula omnye nomnye ngamaconsi aphezu kwamanzi. Siyabulela ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi kwiibanda kubonakala ukuba kunele ukusela amacwecwe ambalwa-kwaye zonke iimpawu ziya kuba zilize. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka wonke ehlabathini, phakathi kwabantu abayi-250 000 no-500,000 bafa, abaninzi babo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala asele minyaka engama-65 ubudala. Bonke bawunqwenela ukwanda komkhuhlane ukukhupha i-pneumonia, i-meningitis kunye ne-stroke.
2. UGawulayo
Okwenene "isibetho se-XX yenkulungwane" sisifo se-immunodeficiency. Kwiminyaka eyi-100 nje kuphela, wabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22, bebanciphisa ubomi babo ebomini bokuphila. UGawulayo usasazwa ngesondo kwaye ngegazi okanye ubisi lonina, ngoko ke ikhondom ayiqinisekisi ukukhuselwa kwintsholongwane. Ukuba ngumntu othintela intsholongwane, umntu uwa phantsi kwinqanaba "labangenakuthenjwa" - unqatshelwe umsebenzi, akukho mntu ufuna ukuthetha naye kwaye aphile phantsi kophahla olufanayo. Awekho amayeza okwenene aqinisekiswe ukuba asebenze nge-AIDS. Kodwa kukho uluvo lweengcali ukuba inani langempela lamatyala ubuncinane amahlanu aphindaphindiweyo kunezinto ezichazwe kumaphephandaba.
3. I-Pox yaseMnyama
Intsholongwane yamandulo yinto encinci, eyabonakala kuqala kwiplanethi iminyaka eyi-68 eyiminyaka edlulileyo. Uxinzelelo luhlala luguqukayo, ngoko ukuqubuka kwenqabunga kuhambelana noluntu kwimbali yalo. Ngama-Middle Ages, yaxhatshaza iYurophu kunye neRashiya, ingashiyi ithuba lokuba ixhoba layo ngenxa ye-90% yabantu abafa. Abasindileyo babenzima - babeyimfama okanye izithulu ngenxa yobomi, kwaye isikhumba sabo sasigubungelwa izikrakra ezivela kwizilonda. Ngenkulungwane ye-XX, i-smallpox yatshintsha kwakhona, kodwa i-virus entsha ayikwazi ukubulala ngaphezu kwe-40% yenani lamatyala. Icandelo lokugqibela losulelo lubhalisiwe eSomalia ngowe-1977. Namhlanje, intsholongwane igcinwa kugcinwe kwiibhubhoratri zase-United States naseRashiya.
4. Ingxabano
Isibetho sasibizwa ngokuba "ukufa okumnyama", de kube abantu befumene ukuba waphathwa ngempumelelo ngamagciwane. Yayiyindlala ebalulekileyo kunazo zonke e-Medieval Yurophu, apho i-pox yase-Europe yayiye yahluma. Kwiminyaka eyi-XIV kuphela kwi-70 million yabemi baseYurophu kuye kwabulala abantu abayizigidi ezingama-34. Ngenxa yentsholongwane, izixeko zonke zaphela: abantu abazange bafune ukubuyela ekhaya baze bathatshwe, basuse izidumbu zeentsapho kunye nabamelwane.
Kwakungavamile ukuba oogqirha: ba tyelele izigulane kuphela kwiimpahla zokukhusela, zifakwe nge-wax kunye ne-mask kunye nenkunzi, bahlola izigulane kuphela ngentonga yamatye, ukuze bangazichukumisi ngezandla zabo. Emva kokuqhagamshelana neempahla ezigulayo zatshiswa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwakunokwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni le miqathango yayingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo: usulelo lwaluqhutyelwa ngomoya, kodwa ngeentonga, iintambo kunye namahashe.
5. iSpeyin
Umkhuhlane waseSpain okanye waseSpain ngowona mkhuhlane omkhulu wentsholongwane yegciwane lehlabathi. Ngowe-1919, inani elipheleleyo labasulelekileyo lafikelela kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-550, ababalelwa kwi-30% yabemi behlabathi. Ejongene neSpain, bafa ngenxa yokuvuvukala okukhulu kunye ne-pulema ye-pulema, ngaphandle kwithuba elincinane lokubuyisela. Kulinganiselwa ukuba unyaka wesi sifo saseSpain sabulala abantu abaninzi njengoko isibetho sakwazi ukutshabalalisa kwiminyaka engama-7. Iingcali zanamhlanje zibonisa ukuba iSpaniard yayisisondele "isihlobo" esisondeleyo seH1N1, apho izazinzulu zithintela namhlanje.
6. Malariya
"I-swamp fever" yadluliselwa kwaye idluliselwa kude kube ngoku ngokulunywa ngamangqamu, emva koko umntu unesifo somkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kunye nezihlunu, ngoko-kwandisa isibindi nesantya. Umntu wokuqala olwabhalwa yi-virus yi-Pharaoh Tutankhamun: emzimbeni wakhe wafunyanwa yi-agent engumnxeba we "marsh fever" ngexesha lokuhlalutya.
I-Malaria isoloko ilawula i-Afrika, apho kunzima ukuyichonga nokuyichitha ngenxa yokuba abantu bendawo abafuni ukuthatha oogqirha. Sekudlulileyo, imibutho yezokwelapha yamazwe ngamazwe yenza izibikezelo ezimbi: kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, izinga lokufa kwi-malaria liya kukhula ubuncinane kabini. Namhlanje, abantu abangaphezu kwama-50% bafa kuyo ngaphandle kwe-AIDS engafanelekanga.
7. Ebola
I-Ebola yintsholongwane yokuba bonke abantu abasondeleyo bayayazi ngeTV kunye ne-intanethi, kodwa bambalwa abantu bacinga ukuba isifo sifana njani kwaye kwenzekani, ngaphandle kwabantu baseZaire naseCongo. Ivela kwigama layo kuMlambo we-Ebola, apho ukuqala kokuqala kwesi sifo kwaqala, ngokuqala ngokunyuka okuqhelekileyo kumbushushu womzimba kunye nokuphela kokutshatyalaliswa kweengso kunye nomsebenzi wesibindi kunye nomphumo obulalayo. Esi sifo sithathwa nje ngokulawulwa phantsi, ngoko ke i-42% yenani lalabo abajongene nentsholongwane bayasweleka kuyo.
8. I-hepatitis
I-hepatitis ibizwa ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi yonke yeentsholongwane zeentlobo ezine: bonke bahlasela isibindi kwaye baqala ukuyichitha ngokukhawuleza, ekhokelela ekufeni. Into eyingozi kakhulu i-hepatitis B kunye no-C - ngaphezu konyaka bayafa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Ukukhokelela kwintsholongwane kunoku: ukuncelisa umntwana, ukuthatha umzobo, ukumpontshelwa igazi, isondo elingakhuselekanga. I-hepatitis yintshaba ekhohlakeleyo kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokusuleleka ku-ntsholongwane ayibonakali naluphi na uhlobo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza ibuhlungu impilo yomntu.
9. Iidlova zesifo sezilwanyana
I-virus ye-rabies igqithiselwa kubantu kwizilwanyana, ezibhekwa njengezilwanyana ezintle - iinkati, izinja, iigundane, kodwa kuphela xa zishiywe ngaphandle kwekhaya. Ingena egazini xa isilwanyana esetyholwe sisilonda. Umntu ogula aphethwe yintsholongwane, ukukhulelwa, ukuziva uloyiko kunye nokukhubazeka kweengcambu eziphantsi kunye neengunu zamehlo: ngokudibeneyo, zonke ezi zimpawu ziholela ekufeni. Yeka ukuphuhliswa kosulelo luya kuhlaselwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
10. Ikholera
"Ingqina" yesibetho kunye ne-smallpox, kuze kube yimhla ngokubangela izifo ezibulalayo, zibonakalisa ngendlela yokuqhambuka kwekholera vibrio. Iyakusasazwa ngamagqabi, amanzi anesifo kunye nokutya okungcolileyo. Ngaphandle kwonyango lwekholera langoku, ungafa kunye namathuba angama-85% okuthintela, ukuhlanza nokunyanzelisa amanzi.