I-Pneumocystis pneumonia yinkqubo yokuvuvukala emiphakeni eyenziwa yimfungulu enjenge-Pneumocystis jirovecii (i-pneumocysts). Usulelo luya kwenzeka ngamaconsi. Ezi zinyango zifumaneka kwimiphunga yabantu abaninzi abaneempilo, kodwa zibangele ukukhubazeka kuphela kwiimeko ezizimeleyo.
Ukunciphisa ukukhuselwa kungakhutshwa ngenxa yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- ukutya okunesondlo;
- unyango lwa mayeza;
- kwikhosi ye chemotherapy;
- izifo zegazi;
- khulelwa;
- ukufumana iziyobisi ezingenakuxilonga (umzekelo, kunye nokufakelwa komzimba), njl njl.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sitholakala kubantu abane-immune system, obangelwa yi-HIV (AIDS). I-Pneumocystis pneumonia ibhaliswe kwi-70% yabantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo.
I-pneumocystis pneumonia ikhula njani?
Amayeza athatsayo angena emzimbeni womntu ngephepha lokuphefumula. Ukufikelela kwi-lumen ye-bronchi encinane kunye ne-alveoli, baqala ukuphindaphinda. Ngeli xesha, i-mucus iqala ukuqokelela kwindlela yokuphefumula, ekhusela kakhulu intuthuko yomoya.
Iimetabolites eziveliswe ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwe-pneumocysts zingena egazini kwaye zikhuphe ukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezithile. Oku kubangela ukuvuvukala kweendonga ze-alveoli yemiphunga, nto leyo ibangela ukuhluleka kokuphefumula. Ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo kuholele kwi-fibrosis yamapulmonis, imiphume emphysema , i-pneumothorax evaliweyo nayo iyakhula. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-pneumocyst ihlasela ezinye izitho (isibindi, izintso, ipeni).
Iimpawu zePneumocystis pneumonia
Ukuqala kwesi sifo kudla ngokubanzi, kwaye kubonakaliswe ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- ukwanda kancinci kumbindi womzimba;
- intloko;
- u dyspnoea omnene ngokuzikhandla;
- buthathaka;
- khulisa;
- intlungu esifuba;
- ukukhwehlela (ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumile, umlomo, ungaphantsi kancinci - ngokukhutshwa kwe-spamum ye-foamy).
Emva kweveki enye okanye ezimbini, iimpawu ezilandelayo zingabonakala:
- umkhuhlane;
- dyspnea ekuphumleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-cyanosis yenxantathu ye-nasolabial;
- acrocyanosis;
- ukuhoxiswa kweendawo ze-intercostal.
Abantu abanentsholongwane kaGawulayo, lesi sifo sikhula ngokukhawuleza, iimpawu zepulmoni zibonakalisa kuphela emva kweeveki ezi-4 ukuya ku-12. Kwizi gulane, i-pneumocystic pneumonia ivame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izifo, ngoko kubonakala sengathi ukuxhatshazwa kusemgangathweni kumfanekiso weklinikhi.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-PCP
Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe kwi-radiography okanye kwi-tomography ekhompyutheni. Ukuchonga i-arhente ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko isenokufumaneka ngokuhlolwa kwe-hertological ye-bronchoalveolar ukuhlamba i-biodsies yamanzi kunye ne-transbronchial, eyenziwa yindlela ye-fibrobronchoscopy.
Unyango lwe-PCP
Izigulane ezinomfanekiso wesigulane esichazwe esibhedlele zizibhedlele, unyango lwe-PCP ne-HIV luqhutyelwa nezicwangciso zesifo. Utyando lweziyobisi,
- iziyobisi ezichasayo;
- i-expectorant , i-mucolytics;
- immunomodulators, njl
Izidakamizwa eziphambili ezichaphazela i-pneumocyst yi-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole kunye ne-pentamidine isothionate. Izigulane zikaGawulayo zidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo zi-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Ukunqongophala kwe-oksijini kucetyiswa oksijini.