Ukuze kuphephe iimeko ezinjalo, yonke inkqubo yokumisela ukukhusela i-intrauterine pathologies yasungulwa, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-diagnostic, okanye i-diagnosis. Olu hlobo lophando lwenziwa ngokubanzi kwiziko lokucwangcisa lwentsapho kunye novavanyo lwe-perinatal.
Yintoni yokuxilongwa komzimba kunye nokuba kutheni?
Ukuba sicinga lolu hlobo lophando ngeenkcukacha ezizeleyo kwaye sithetha ngeyona njongo ephambili yokuxilongwa kwe-postinatal, ngoko ke, oku kubonwa kwangaphambili kwe-fetal pathologies, nangona kwinqanaba lokuzalwa kwisibeleko sikamama. Le ndawo yonyango ibandakanyeka kakhulu ngokusekwa kwe-chromosomal, izifo ezifa kunye neengxaki zokuzalwa komntwana kwixesha elizayo umntwana.
Ngoko, namhlanje oogqirha banethuba lokufumana ithuba lokuba nomntwana onokukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal sele sele i-1 trimester yokukhulelwa ngezinga elichanekileyo lokuchaneka (malunga ne-90%). Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kwizifo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-Edwards syndrome, i-Patau syndrome (i-trisomy ye-21, i-18 ne-13 i-chromosomes, ngokulandelanayo).
Ukongezelela, njengenxalenye yenkomfa yeemviwo malunga nokuxilongwa komzimba, i-ultrasound ingakwazi ukufumanisa izifo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ukuphazanyiswa kwengqondo kunye nomgudu womgudu, izintso ze-fetus, njl njl.
Ziziphi iindlela ezimbini ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kokubeleka?
Emva kokuxelela ukuba le ngxaki yokuhlola i-perinatal, kwaye oko kuyenziwa, siya kuqwalasela iintlobo eziphambili zophando ngazo.
Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukusho malunga nokuhlolwa kweemvavanyo, okuphantse kukho onke amabhinqa akuva ngexesha lokubeleka kwengane yakhe. Isifundo sokuqala esinjalo senziwa ngeeveki ezili-12, kwaye kuthiwa "ukuhlolwa kabini". Kwinqanaba lokuqala, umfazi uhamba nge-ultrasound kwi-device ekhethekileyo, eyahluke kakhulu kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa izitho zangaphakathi. Xa kuqhutyelwa, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulelwa kwixabiso leemparamitha njengobungakanani be-coccygeal-parietal (CTE), ubukhulu bendawo yekhola.
Kwakhona, ukubala ubungakanani bethambo lesisu lomfayo, alubandakanyi iimpazamo eziphambili zokuphuhliswa.
Isigaba sesibini ekuqhubeni izifundo zokuphonononga, kubandakanya ukufundisisa igazi lomama ozayo. Ukwenza oku, i-biomaterial iyasuswa kunye neethambo kwaye ithunyelwe kwi-laboratory, apho uhlalutyo lwenziwe kwinqanaba lama-hormone okwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-placenta. Ezi zi-2 zeprotheni ezibandakanyeka nokukhulelwa: i-RAPP-A kunye ne-subunit yamahhala ye-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ngenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwe-chromosomal, umxholo wale proteins egazini kakhulu uphambukela kwimimiselo.
Idatha efunyenwe ngenxa yezi zifundo zifakwe kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhomputha eyenza ngokuchanekileyo ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-chromosomal pathology kwintsana ezayo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ngokwayo inquma ukuba umfazi usengozini okanye ayikho.
Zonke ezi zinto ziqhutyelwa phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo lwe-ultrasound ukwenzela ukuba ungalonakalisi umntwana, kwaye kuphela ngumchwepheli oqeqeshe kakhulu. Iiseli ze-fetal eziphumela ekubeni zithunyelwe kwisifundo somzimba sekaryotype, emva koko umama unikezelwa impendulo echanekileyo-nokuba umntwana unempilo engafanelekiyo okanye ayikho. Uphononongo olunjalo, njengomthetho, luqhutywa ngeemvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlola.
Ngaloo ndlela, nganye ibhinqa kufuneka ikwazi ukuba kutheni ukuxilongwa komsebenzi kwenziwa kwiziko lokubeleka, kwaye uqonde ukubaluleka kwezi zifundo.