Kukho iintlobo ezi-5 zesifo esiphezulu sokutheleleka kwintsholongwane ye-virus (AORVI). Ngomntu, iintlobo ezi-3 kuphela zeparinfluenza ziyingozi, iindidi ezi-2 ezisele zichaphazela izilwanyana. Intsholongwane iyadluliselwa kuphela ngamaconsi amanzi, kwindawo ejikelezayo ilahlekelwa ubunzima ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-2-4.
Pathogen parainfluenza
Ukuchazwa kwesifo sokuphefumula kwenza ukuba i-RNA-geneomic pathological cells. I-virus ye-parainfluenza ithatha uhlobo oluthile, olubangela iimpawu ezifanayo. Zifana ne-banal hypothermia kwaye zihlala zincinci, ngokukodwa ukuba isistim somzimba somntu sisasebenza. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxilongwa kwe-AORVI kunzima.
I-Paragripp 1 yohlobo
Olu hlobo lwesifo se-virus kwisifo sonyango lubizwa ngokuba yi-HPIV-1. Abantwana bavame ukuchaphazeleka yi-parainfluenza-izifo ezithathelwanayo ngendlela yokuvuvukala kwe-larynx kunye nomphefumlo wokuphefumula (i-croup) inomsindo ngophando lokuqala. Kamva esi sifo sikhokelela ekumanyeni nasekukhuselweni kwe-bronchial. Ukuze ugweme iingxaki, kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-parainfluenza ngexesha elifanelekileyo - iimpawu kunye nonyango lwegciwane liya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokusasazeka emzimbeni. Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunokukhupha umphumo ongenakuguquka, kubandakanya i-bronchitis engapheliyo ne-asthma.
Iiparagripp 2 iintlobo
Ifom ye-AORVI eqwalaselwayo ifana ngokufanayo kwisakhiwo kwintsholongwane yokuqala. Abantwana amaxesha angama-2 amaninzi achaphazelekayo yi-parainfluenza - iimpawu zokukhuseleka komntwana kunye nokusebenza kwazo okungaqinisekiyo kubangela ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo ukusuleleka kwi-pathology. I-HPIV-2 iyona nto imbangela enkulu ye-croup kunye nokuqhambuka kwayo kwe-epidemiological.
IParagripp 3 iintlobo
Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo sesifo sesifo sesifo sesandulela ngculaza luyabathinta abantu kunoma yiphina ubudala, isifo sisetyenziselwe ukwenza umsebenzi ongenamsebenzi wesistim somzimba. Ifomu zeParagripp 3 zidibene neengxaki ezilandelayo:
- bronchiolitis;
- i-edema jikelele jikelele kunye neempompo;
- i-bneticonia (pneumonia) emva kokuqhotyoshelweyo kwesifo se-microbial infection);
- bronchitis .
Le AORVI ibangele idale iingxaki ezinzima. Kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise i-parainfluenza - iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kweziphumo zokuphefumula kwesi sifo kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukuba unyango olwaneleyo lwaqala ngexesha. Ngaphandle koko, i-bronchi inokuthi ivalwe yiplagi ehambelana nokuphefumula ukuphefumula okanye i-hypoxia.
I-Paragripp - ixesha lokunyusa
Ixesha lokuphindaphinda okufihliweyo kweeseli zintsholongwane emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu ezibonakalayo zentsholongwane zenzeke iintsuku ezi-2-7. I-Parainfluenza ibonakaliswe ngokusabalala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokungena kwiimvelo zamanzi (igazi kunye ne-lymph), kodwa i-contagiosity ephezulu. Umntu ogulayo uyasasazeka emva kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kokusuleleka, nangona engenayo nayiphi na imiqondiso yesifo kwaye akukho nto ibonisa unyango.
Iimpawu zeParagripp
Umfanekiso wekliniki we-pathology echazwe njengobanda obandayo okanye i-hypothermia. I-Parainfluenza - iimpawu kubantu abadala:
- ilizwi elikhuni okanye elivakalayo;
- intlungu kunye nobomvu emqaleni;
- I-Percolation kwi-pharynx;
- ukukhwehlela komzimba obomileyo ("ukuphazamisa");
- ukuguquka, ukulala;
- ukushisa okuphantsi (kufika kuma-38 degrees);
- ngamanye amaxesha - kubanda;
- intloko;
- utywala obunxilisayo (isicupunu, ama-aches ahlangeneyo);
- ukulahleka kwesidlo.
Unamandla okukhusela umzimba, ukungaqiniseki kangako i-parainfluenza - iimpawu kunye nokonyango kubantu abanokumelana nokutheleleka okuphezulu akufuneki unyango kumgqirha. Umzimba uphelele ngokuzimela ngentsholongwane kunye nemibonakalo yokuphefumula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa (3-5). Ngokufumana ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo kweziphi iingxaki, isifo esicatshulwayo asibangeli.
Ukufumanisa i-parainfluenza
Oogqirha baxhomekeke ekuhloleni rhoqo kwesigulane kunye nokuqokelela i-anamnesis, ukubhalisa i-ARVI. Ukuxilongwa ngokucacileyo kweparinfluenza kuyimfuneko kuphela phambi koxinzelelo okanye umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwawo ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yokukhubazeka. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe usulelo lwe-anthropogenous from other virus kwaye uqale unyango ngexesha, ezi zilandelayo zifundo:
- ukubonisa ukungafihli komzimba;
- i-haemagglutination inhibition reaction;
- i-enzyme immunoassay;
- ncedisa ukuphendulwa kokulungisa;
- vavanyo lwegazi legazi.
IParagripp - unyango
Njengoko nge-ARVI ye-classic, akukho zonyango ezithile zohlobo lwe-HPIV. Indlela kuphela yokuphelisa i-parainfluenza kukunciphisa iimpawu kwaye uphathe unyango oluhambelana nomfanekiso weklinikhi. Iingcebiso zoogqirha:
- Ibhedi okanye i-bedi bed bed regime. Ukuphumla nokulala ngokupheleleyo kuza kukhawuleza ukubuyisela.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziphuzo ezifudumeleyo. I-tea, iziqhamo kunye ne-berry compotes kunye neziqhamo zeziqhamo ziyanciphisa ukucaphukisa kwe-pharynx kwaye ziphucula ukuphuma kweetekisi emzimbeni.
- Ukutya kwamavithamini kunye neemaminerali. Izinto ezincedo ziqinisa i-immune system kwaye inokunceda ukulwa nentsholongwane.
Utyando lwempawu luhambelana neempawu ezihamba neparinfluenza - ukushisa, ukukhwehlela kunye neempumlo. Ukupheliswa kwezi zibonakaliso zentsholongwane:
- antipyretic ;
- i-mucolytics kunye ne-bronchodilators;
- i-vasoconstrictor ehla empumleni;
- antihistamines;
- iipilisi;
- ezichasayo.
Ukuba isetyholongwane yesibini esaqhotyoshelweyo, i-ingcali iya kukhetha i-antibiotic esebenzayo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqeshwe i-arhente ye-antimicrobial, ugqirha uya kuthumela i-phlegm (ukusuka kwi-pharynx okanye ekhaleni) kuviwo lwebhubhoratri. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ii-microorganisms ezivusa inkqubo yokuvuvukala, nokuseka ubuchule babo kwiziyobisi ezahlukeneyo.
Iingxaki ze parafluenza
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuxela ngefomu echazwe kwintsholongwane yokuphefumula yentsholongwane. Iingxaki emva kokuba i-parainfluenza zenzeke kwiimeko ezizodwa, zidibene nomsebenzi ophantsi wenkqubo yokukhusela umzimba okanye i-immunodeographical system. Iimiphumo eziyingozi ze-AORVI:
- izityalo (kubantwana);
- pneumonia;
- bronchitis;
- laryngitis;
- ukuphazamiseka kweendlela zomoya;
- sinusitis.
Ukuthintela i-parainfluenza
Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuthintela intsholongwane ngokubhekiselele kumnxeba kubantu abanentsholongwane. Ukuba umntu ovela kwindawo esondeleyo okanye ilungu losapho usulelekile, kuyimfuneko ukumhlukanisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba isigulane sisegumbini elilodwa kwaye sidle kwizinto ezizezodwa. Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo:
- ukuphuphuma umoya;
- kucoca rhoqo;
- ukuba kunokwenzeka, i-quartz okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezibane zeziqhumiso kunye neesterinfectant esters;
- Ukuhlamba rhoqo izandla kunye nobuso.
Isitofu sokugonywa kwe-parainfluenza asikaqalwa, ngoko abaphengululi bacebisa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekuqiniseni umzimba wamasosha kunye nokwandisa ukuchaswa komzimba:
- Ukucebisa ukutya kunye nama-amino acids, amaprotheni kunye neemaminerali.
- Ngamaxesha athabatha amavithamini okanye izongezo zokutya.
- Zenza nzima.
- Ukunika ixesha lokuzivocavoca umzimba.
- Thola ukulala ngokwaneleyo.