I-Taj Mahal yikhumbuzo esakhiwa ngokukodwa kunye nenye yezinto ezikhangayo kwiIndiya ezihamba phambili kwixesha elide laseMogul. I-Taj yakhiwe njenge-mausoleum ye-Shah-Jahan umfazi othandekayo - uMamtaz-Mahal, owafa ngexesha lokubeletha. U-Shah Jahal ngokwakhe kamva wangcwatyelwa eTaj Mahal. Igama elithi Taj Mahal liguqulela ngokuthi "iNtlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke": iTaj isenguqulelo - isithsaba, i-palace-palace.
Taj Mahal - imbali yendalo
Imbali yokudala enye yezinto eziphambili zeIndiya zaqala ngo-1630. I-Taj Mahal yakhiwe kumanxweme eMlambo waseJamna, ngasentla kweSixeko sase-Agra. Izakhiwo zeTaj Mahal ziquka:
- iirekhodi;
- mosque;
- jawab;
- Isango elikhulu.
Abasebenzi abangaphezu kwama-20,000 nabagcisa benza umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kweTaj. Isakhiwo sahlala iminyaka elishumi elinambini. I-mausoleum-mosque idibanisa amaPersi, amaNdiya, amaSilayam ezakhiwo zobugcisa. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo esibukhosi ezintlanu ngamamitha angama-74, kumacandelo omgangatho wesakhiwo seemine ezine. Iimreyili zinyanzeliswe kwicala ukuze, xa zitshatyalaliswa, azilimazi ingcwaba ye-shah nomkakhe.
I-mausoleum ijikelezwe ngumyezo omhle onomthombo kunye nedama lokubhukuda apho isakhiwo sonke sibonakala. I-mausoleum yaseTaj Mahal, esekwiSixeko sase-Agra, idume ngokubhekiselele ekugqibeleni kwayo: ukuba ubuyela ekuphumeni, eso sakhiwo sibonakala sikhulu xa siqhathaniswa nemithi ejikelezileyo. Isiko senkathazo yindawo yokungcwaba. Ingummiselo olinganayo kunye ne-arch, eyakhiwe kwi-pedestal square kunye nesithsaba esikhulu. Ukuphakama kwedome ephezulu, eyakhiwe ngesimo se-bulb, iyamangalisa - iimitha ezingama-35. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zezindlu zintsika zasePersi.
Yintoni eyenziwe nguTaj Mahal?
Isiseko sasiquka izityebi ezizaliswe ngamatye. Izixhobo zathunyelwa ngekhilomitha elineshumi elinesihlanu ngeendlela zenkomo kunye neenqwelo. Amanzi athatyathwa emlanjeni ngeprogram yekhefu-ibhakethi. Ukusuka kwigumbi elikhulu, amanzi aphakama kwindawo yokusabalalisa, ukusuka apho yanikelwa khona kwisakhiwo sokwakha ngamabhobho amathathu. Iindleko zokwakha zazingama-32 million rupees.
Ingqwalaselo eyahlukileyo ifanele imboleko emangalisayo: i-marble emhlophe eguqulweyo eneempawu ezinje ezinjengamatye, i-agate, i-malachite. Ekubeni, iindidi ezingamashumi amabini ezisibhozo zamatye angabonakaliyo kunye namatye anqabileyo zifakwe kwiindonga zengcwaba. I-marble, apho i-mausoleum yenziwe ngayo, yaziswe ukusuka kwiikherite ezingama-300 ukusuka kwisixeko. Ngomhla iindonga zeMosque zibukeka zimhlophe, ngobusuku busuku, kunye nokutshona kwelanga-i-pinki.
Ukwakhiwa kweTaj Mahal kwakukho kwii-master hhayi kuphela e-India, kodwa nakwi-Central Asia, eMiddle East, ePersia. Umyili wezakhiwo eziphambili nguIsmail Afandi waseMbuseni wase-Ottoman. Kukho umgca ngokubhekiselele kuwo kwenye ibhanki yomlambo iJamna kukho ikopi yeTaj, kodwa i-marble emnyama kuphela. Isakhiwo asizange sigqitywe. Kwimihlaba ye-hectares eyi-1.2 yatshintshwa umhlaba, yaphakamisa isayithi kwiimitha ezingama-50 ngaphaya komlambo.
Taj Mahal - inyaniso enomdla
Ngokomxholo, emva kokugqithwa kwonyana wakhe u-Shah Jahan wamnxusa uTaj Mahal kwiifestile zentolongo yakhe. Inyaniso enomdla kukuba i-Humayun engcwabeni eDelhi, efana neTaj Mahal, ifana kakhulu neTaj Mahal njengomqondiso wendaba enkulu yothando phakathi kwabatshatileyo. Kwaye ingcwatye yokungcwaba eDelhi yakhiwa kwangaphambili, kwaye uShahan Jahan wasebenzisa amava okukwakha ingcwaba likaMughal umbusi ngexesha lokumiswa kwakhe. Kukho ikopi encinci yeTaj Mahal ehlala kwisixeko sase-Agra. Ingcwaba likaItimad-Ud-Daul, lakhiwa ngowe-1628.
Ukususela ngo-1983, i-Taj Mahal yindawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Ngokwenzululwazi eyenziweyo ngo-2007, iTaj Mahal yangena uluhlu lweMisebenzi yeZizwe eziMatye ezisixhenxe zehlabathi.
Okwangoku, kukho ingxaki yokungqubuzana komlambo waseJamna, ngenxa yokuba i-mausoleum ihlala kwaye idilika kwiindonga zenziwe. Kwakhona, ngenxa yomoya ocolileyo, iindonga zikaTaj, ezidumileyo ngenxa yobumhlophe bazo, zijikeleza. Isakhiwo sihlambulukileyo ngodongwe olukhethekileyo.
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